SynthesisPloS one2020
Is breast arterial calcification associated with coronary artery disease?-A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Breast Arterial Calcification and Its Association With Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality.The American journal of cardiology · 2026Pooled it
- Association Between Breast Arterial Calcification on Mammography and Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2022Pooled it
- A novel deep learning-based grading system for assessing breast arterial calcification on mammograms, as an independent risk factor for predicting adverse cardiovascular events.La Radiologia medica · 2026Article
- Review of breast arterial calcifications for cardiovascular disease risk prediction.NPJ cardiovascular health · 2026Review
- Automated assessment of breast arterial calcification: a new frontier in cardiovascular risk prediction.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Systemic Vascular Calcification After Lung Transplantation: The Role of Mammographic Breast Arterial Calcifications.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Mammographic Calcifications in Lung Transplant Recipients: Prevalence and Evolution.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Breast Arterial Calcifications on Mammography: A Review of the Literature.Journal of breast imaging · 2025Review
- Breast Arterial Calcification on a Screening Mammogram: A Potential Cardiovascular Risk Stratification Tool in Women.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Mammographic Vascular Microcalcifications as a Surrogate Parameter for Coronary Heart Disease: Correlation to Cardiac Computer Tomography and Proposal of a Classification Score.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Measurement of breast artery calcification using an artificial intelligence detection model and its association with major adverse cardiovascular events.PLOS digital health · 2024Article
- The impact of breast cancer radiation therapy exposure on the prevalence of breast arterial calcification.The British journal of radiology · 2024Article
- Does the absence of breast arterial calcification (BAC 0) rule out severe coronary artery disease? A computed tomography angiography study.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2024Article
- Deep transfer learning for detection of breast arterial calcifications on mammograms: a comparative study.European radiology experimental · 2024Article
- Assessing breast arterial calcification in mammograms and its implications for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk.Clinical imaging · 2024Article
- Opportunistic screening at chest computed tomography: literature review of cardiovascular significance of incidental findings.Cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy · 2023Review
- The association between breast arterial calcification and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in an Australian population-based breast cancer case-control study.La Radiologia medica · 2023Article
- High-sensitivity troponin I is associated with cardiovascular outcomes but not with breast arterial calcification among postmenopausal women.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2022Article
- Association of mammographic density and benign breast calcifications individually or combined with hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia in women ≥40 years of age: a retrospective study.Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research · 2022Article
- Next Generation Risk Markers in Preventive Cardio-oncology.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThere is increasing evidence that breast arterial calcification (BAC), an incidental finding on 3-29% of mammograms, could be used to screen for coronary artery disease (CAD). We conducted a systematic review to assess the associations between BAC and CAD and its risk factors (hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus and smoking). METHODS AND
findingsMEDLINE and EMBASE databases and references of relevant papers were searched up to 18 February 2020 for English language studies that evaluated the associations of BAC and CAD and its risk factors. A single reviewer extracted all data and assessed study quality with verification by another independent reviewer, if required. Across 31 studies (n = 35,583; 3 longitudinal and 28 cross-sectional studies) that examined the association of BAC and CAD, the OR was 2.61 (95% CI 2.12-3.21; I2 = 71%). Sub-analysis of studies that graded BAC severity using the 4- (4 studies) or 12-point scale systems (3 studies) revealed an association with CAD and moderate-severe BAC (OR 4.83 (95%CI 1.50-15.54) and OR 2.95 (95%CI 1.49-5.84), respectively) but not mild BAC (OR 2.04 (95%CI 0.82-5.05) and OR 1.08 (95%CI 0.42-2.75), respectively). BAC was associated with hypertension (42 studies; n = 32,646; OR 1.80; 95% CI 1.47-2.21; I2 = 85%) and diabetes mellitus (51 studies; n = 53,464; OR 2.17; 95% CI 1.82-2.59; I2 = 75%) but not with hypercholesterolemia (OR 1.31; 95%CI 0.97-1.77; I2 = 67%). Smoking was inversely associated with BAC (35 studies; n = 40,002; OR 0.54; 95% CI 0.42-0.70; I2 = 83%). Studies mostly included symptomatic women. Marked heterogeneity existed and publication bias may be present.
conclusionsBAC is associated with CAD, diabetes mellitus and hypertension and inversely associated with smoking. Whether BAC could screen for CAD cannot be determined from current published data due to the lack of larger prospective studies. A consensus approach to quantifying BAC may also facilitate further translation into clinical care. PROSPERO: CRD42020141644.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.