ReviewViruses2020
Reversal of T Cell Exhaustion in Chronic HCV Infection.
Review in Viruses, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cure of chronic hepatitis C virus infection after DAA treatment only partially restores the functional capacity of exhausted T cell subsets: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Oncoviruses at the Crossroads of Ageing and Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Key Signalling Pathways.Reviews in medical virology · 2026Review
- Modeling Highlights the Challenge of Achieving and Maintaining Hepatitis C Virus Micro-Elimination Among People Who Inject Drugs.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Immune Factors Linked to Long-Term HCV Humoral Memory Five Years After Cure in People with HIV: A Cross-Sectional Study.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- T cell dysfunction and metabolic disruption in chronic hepatitis C virus infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Liver reprogramming toward hepatocellular carcinoma following hepatitis C sustained virologic response: a narrative review.Translational gastroenterology and hepatology · 2026Review
- HIV status defines distinct immunological drivers of persistent portal hypertension after HCV cure in people with advanced cirrhosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Liver as a key organ for systemic antimicrobial defense.Hepatology communications · 2025Review
- Immune checkpoint biology in hepatocellular carcinoma (Review).Oncology letters · 2025Review
- Hepatitis C Eradication Improves Oncologic and Clinical Outcomes in Patients Treated With Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2025Article
- Mechanisms of Interleukin-10-Mediated Immunosuppression in Viral Infections.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Disease-Associated Shifts in Minor T Cell Subpopulations Define Distinct Immunopathology in HBV vs. HCV Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- CD8 T Cell Hyperfunction and Reduced Tumour Control in Murine Models of Advanced Liver Disease.European journal of immunology · 2025Article
- Article
- Challenges in coverage of future hepatitis C vaccines: Review and potential solutions.Vaccine · 2025Review
- Article
- Association between metabolic associated fatty liver disease and HCC risk after SVR in HCV patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical and experimental hepatology · 2025Article
- Plasma levels of soluble PD-1, TIM-3, LAG-3 and galectin-3 and the degree of liver fibrosis in CHC and the impact of successful antiviral treatment on their levels.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Immune Responses to Anti-Hepatitis C Virus Antibodies during Pre-Liver Transplantation Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy in Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Recipients Associated with Post-Liver Transplantation Allograft Injury.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Immune checkpoint proteins are associated with persistently high liver stiffness after successful HCV treatment in people with HIV: a retrospective study.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The long-term consequences of T cell responses' impairment in chronic HCV infection are not entirely characterized, although they may be essential in the context of the clinical course of infection, re-infection, treatment-mediated viral clearance and vaccine design. Furthermore, it is unclear whether a complete reinvigoration of HCV-specific T cell response may be feasible. In most studies, attempting to reverse the effects of compromised immune response quality by specific blockades of negative immune regulators, a restoration of functional competence of HCV-specific T cells was shown. This implies that HCV-induced immune dysfunction may be reversible. The advent of highly successful, direct-acting antiviral treatment (DAA) for chronic HCV infection instigated investigation whether the treatment-driven elimination of viral antigens restores T cell function. Most of studies demonstrated that DAA treatment may result in at least partial restoration of T cell immune function. They also suggest that a complete restoration comparable to that seen after spontaneous viral clearance may not be attained, pointing out that long-term antigenic stimulation imprints an irreversible change on the T cell compartment. Understanding the mechanisms of HCV-induced immune dysfunction and barriers to immune restoration following viral clearance is of utmost importance to diminish the possible long-term consequences of chronic HCV infection.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.