ArticleAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2020
Preclinical Development of Orally Inhaled Drugs (OIDs)-Are Animal Models Predictive or Shall We Move Towards In Vitro Non-Animal Models?
Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Generation of a human vascularized 3D airway model replicating native mucosal heterogeneity.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Pulmonary Delivery of Antibiotics to the Lungs: Current State and Future Prospects.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Innovative three-dimensional models for understanding mechanisms underlying lung diseases: powerful tools for translational research.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2023Review
- Liposomes or Extracellular Vesicles: A Comprehensive Comparison of Both Lipid Bilayer Vesicles for Pulmonary Drug Delivery.Polymers · 2023Review
- Cell Cultures at the Air-Liquid Interface and Their Application in Cancer Research.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2023Article
- The role of macrophages in rosacea: implications for targeted therapies.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- A new hope? Possibilities of therapeutic IgA antibodies in the treatment of inflammatory lung diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- In Vitro-In Silico Modeling of Caffeine and Diclofenac Permeation in Static and Fluidic Systems with a 16HBE Lung Cell Barrier.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Effect of MDI Actuation Timing on Inhalation Dosimetry in a Human Respiratory Tract Model.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Review
- A New PqsR Inverse Agonist Potentiates Tobramycin Efficacy to Eradicate Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2021Article
- A Pathway From Porous Particle Technology Toward Tailoring Aerogels for Pulmonary Drug Administration.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2021Review
- Are Animal Models Needed to Discover, Develop and Test Pharmaceutical Drugs for Humans in the 21st Century?Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Respiratory diseases constitute a huge burden in our society, and the global respiratory drug market currently grows at an annual rate between 4% and 6%. Inhalation is the preferred administration method for treating respiratory diseases, as it: (i) delivers the drug directly at the site of action, resulting in a rapid onset; (ii) is painless, thus improving patients' compliance; and (iii) avoids first-pass metabolism reducing systemic side effects. Inhalation occurs through the mouth, with the drug generally exerting its therapeutic action in the lungs. In the most recent years, orally inhaled drugs (OIDs) have found application also in the treatment of systemic diseases. OIDs development, however, currently suffers of an overall attrition rate of around 70%, meaning that seven out of 10 new drug candidates fail to reach the clinic. Our commentary focuses on the reasons behind the poor OIDs translation into clinical products for the treatment of respiratory and systemic diseases, with particular emphasis on the parameters affecting the predictive value of animal preclinical tests. We then review the current advances in overcoming the limitation of animal animal-based studies through the development and adoption of in vitro, cell-based new approach methodologies (NAMs).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.