ArticleAnnals of rehabilitation medicine2020
A Fully Immersive Virtual Reality Method for Upper Limb Rehabilitation in Spinal Cord Injury.
Article in Annals of rehabilitation medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 15 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effects of virtual reality and gamified digital rehabilitation on functional recovery in individuals with Spinal Cord Injury: a systematic review and Bayesian multilevel meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of virtual reality rehabilitation after spinal cord injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2024Pooled it
- Technological Features of Immersive Virtual Reality Systems for Upper Limb Stroke Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of digital-based interventions on muscular strength in adults: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials with quality of evidence assessment.Annals of medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Characterizing the Effects of Adding Virtual and Augmented Reality in Robot-Assisted Training.IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society · 2024Trial
- Extended Reality in Rehabilitation Medicine: A Systematic Review.Health science reports · 2026Review
- Navigating Virtual Reality in Stroke Rehabilitation: Scoping Review of Diverse Intervention Effects.JMIR serious games · 2026Review
- Applying a Virtual Art Therapy System Based on the Michelangelo Effect in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- AdaptRehab VR: Development of an Immersive Virtual Reality System for Upper Limb Stroke Rehabilitation Designed for Low- and Middle-Income Countries Using a Participatory Co-Creation Approach.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Immersive Virtual Reality in Stroke Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Its Efficacy in Upper Limb Recovery.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Immersive virtual reality for learning exoskeleton-like virtual walking: a feasibility study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2024Article
- Remote Extended Reality with Markerless Motion Tracking for Sitting Posture Training.IEEE robotics and automation letters · 2024Article
- Virtual Reality as a Therapeutic Tool in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation: A Comprehensive Evaluation and Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Application of immersive virtual reality in the training of wheelchair boxers: evaluation of exercise intensity and users experience additional load- a pilot exploratory study.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2024Article
- Case report: Virtual reality-based arm and leg cycling combined with transcutaneous electrical spinal cord stimulation for early treatment of a cervical spinal cord injured patient.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo determine whether a fully immersive virtual reality (VR) intervention combined with conventional rehabilitation (CR) can improve upper limb function more than CR alone in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI), we conducted a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial.
methodsParticipants were randomly assigned to either the control group (CG; n=10) or experimental group (EG; n=10). The participants in the CG received 60 minutes of conventional therapy per day, 4 days per week for 4 weeks, whereas those in the EG received 30 minutes of VR training and 30 minutes of conventional therapy per day, 4 days per week for 4 weeks. The clinical outcome measures included Medical Research Council grade, the American Spinal Injury Association upper extremity motor score (ASIA-UEMS), and scores in the Hand Strength Test, Box and Block Test, Nine-Hole Peg Test, Action Research Arm Test, and Korean version of the Spinal Cord Independence Measure (K-SCIM). The assessments were performed at the beginning (T0) and end of the intervention (T1).
resultsGrip power and K-SCIM score significantly improved in the EG after the intervention. When comparing differences between the groups, elbow extensor, wrist extensor, ASIA-UEMS, grip power, lateral pinch power, and palmar pinch power were all significantly improved.
conclusionVR training of upper limb function after SCI can provide an acceptable adjunctive rehabilitation method without significant adverse effects.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.