ArticleJCI insight2020
Profiling of patients with glioma reveals the dominant immunosuppressive axis is refractory to immune function restoration.
Article in JCI insight, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reprogramming the immune suppressive tumor microenvironment in glioma enhances the efficacy of immune-mediated gene therapy.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- GITR activation potentiates anti-tumor immunity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes expanded from glioblastoma by rescuing exhaustion.Oncogene · 2026Article
- CD73 blockade enhances antitumor efficacy of oHSV in solid tumors by increasing macrophage-mediated antigen presentation.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Advances in bioengineered CAR T/NK cell therapy for glioblastoma: Overcoming immunosuppression and nanotechnology-based strategies for enhanced CAR T/NK cell therapy.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2025Review
- Escherichia coli combination with PD-1 blockade synergistically enhances immunotherapy in glioblastoma multiforme by regulating the immune cells.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- From neuroinflammation to gliomagenesis: immune drivers of malignant transformation in the CNS.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Adenosine receptors on the immuno-oncology expressway: TIME, perspectives, and translation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Neuro-immune-tumor axis in gliomas: a review of mechanisms, models, and translational opportunities.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Immune checkpoints in immune response to glioma: two sides of the same coin.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Interferon regulatory factor 8-driven reprogramming of the immune microenvironment enhances antitumor adaptive immunity and reduces immunosuppression in murine glioblastoma.Neuro-oncology · 2024Article
- Emerging druggable targets for immune checkpoint modulation in cancer immunotherapy: the iceberg lies beneath the surface.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2024Review
- Glioblastoma and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Glance at Available Treatment Options and Future Directions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Pediatric glioma immune profiling identifies TIM3 as a therapeutic target in BRAF fusion pilocytic astrocytoma.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2024Article
- Glucose-driven histone lactylation promotes the immunosuppressive activity of monocyte-derived macrophages in glioblastoma.Immunity · 2024Article
- IRF8-driven reprogramming of the immune microenvironment enhances anti-tumor adaptive immunity and reduces immunosuppression in murine glioblastoma.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Multimodal neuro-nanotechnology: Challenging the existing paradigm in glioblastoma therapy.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Characterization of purinergic signaling in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from lower- and high-grade gliomas.Purinergic signalling · 2024Article
- The need for paradigm shift: prognostic significance and implications of standard therapy-related systemic immunosuppression in glioblastoma for immunotherapy and oncolytic virotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Review
- Novel murine glioblastoma models that reflect the immunotherapy resistance profile of a human disease.Neuro-oncology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
23 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In order to prioritize available immune therapeutics, immune profiling across glioma grades was conducted, followed by preclinical determinations of therapeutic effect in immune-competent mice harboring gliomas. T cells and myeloid cells were isolated from the blood of healthy donors and the blood and tumors from patients with glioma and profiled for the expression of immunomodulatory targets with an available therapeutic. Murine glioma models were used to assess therapeutic efficacy of agents targeting the most frequently expressed immune targets. In patients with glioma, the A2aR/CD73/CD39 pathway was most frequently expressed, followed by the PD-1 pathway. CD73 expression was upregulated on immune cells by 2-hydroxyglutarate in IDH1 mutant glioma patients. In murine glioma models, adenosine receptor inhibitors demonstrated a modest therapeutic response; however, the addition of other inhibitors of the adenosine pathway did not further enhance this therapeutic effect. Although adenosine receptor inhibitors could recover immunological effector functions in T cells, immune recovery was impaired in the presence of gliomas, indicating that irreversible immune exhaustion limits the effectiveness of adenosine pathway inhibitors in patients with glioma. This study illustrates vetting steps that should be considered before clinical trial implementation for immunotherapy-resistant cancers, including testing an agent's ability to restore immunological function in the context of intended use.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.