ArticleNeurobiology of learning and memory2020
NMDA receptors in the CeA and BNST differentially regulate fear conditioning to predictable and unpredictable threats.
Article in Neurobiology of learning and memory, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Fear, anxiety, and the extended amygdala-absence of evidence for strict functional segregation.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · 2026Article
- Fear, anxiety, and the extended amygdala-bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Assessing the role of BNST GABA neurons in backward conditioned suppression.Neurobiology of learning and memory · 2025Article
- A Shared Threat-Anticipation Circuit Is Dynamically Engaged at Different Moments by Certain and Uncertain Threat.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- A shared threat-anticipation circuit is dynamically engaged at different moments by certain and uncertain threat.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Developmental Shifts in Amygdala Function.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2025Review
- Adolescent social anxiety is associated with diminished discrimination of anticipated threat and safety in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis.Journal of psychopathology and clinical science · 2025Article
- An Honest Reckoning With the Amygdala and Mental Illness.The American journal of psychiatry · 2024Review
- Prefrontal projections to the bed nuclei of the stria terminalis modulate the specificity of aversive memories.Research square · 2024Article
- Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis network responses to unpredictable threat in early alcohol abstinence.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2024Article
- Translational approaches to the neurobiological study of conditional discrimination and inhibition: Implications for psychiatric disease.Behavioral neuroscience · 2024Review
- Rapamycin attenuates reconsolidation of a backwards-conditioned aversive stimuli in female mice.Psychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Conditioned inhibition of fear and reward in male and female rats.Neurobiology of learning and memory · 2024Article
- Aversive Contexts Reduce Activity in the Ventral Subiculum- BNST Pathway.Neuroscience · 2022Article
- Environmental certainty influences the neural systems regulating responses to threat and stress.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2021Review
- Covert capture and attenuation of a hippocampus-dependent fear memory.Nature neuroscience · 2021Article
- Behavioral and brain mechanisms mediating conditioned flight behavior in rats.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Anxiety and the Neurobiology of Temporally Uncertain Threat Anticipation.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Considerable work demonstrates that Pavlovian fear conditioning depends on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent plasticity within the amygdala. In addition, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) has also been implicated in fear conditioning, particularly in the expression of fear to poor predictors of threat. We recently found that the expression of backward (BW) fear conditioning, in which an auditory conditioned stimulus (CS) follows a footshock unconditioned stimulus (US), requires the BNST; the expression of forward (FW) fear conditioning was not disrupted by BNST inactivation. However, whether NMDA receptors within the BNST contribute to the acquisition of fear conditioning is unknown. Moreover, the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), which has extensive connections with the BNST, is critically involved in FW conditioning, however whether it participates in BW conditioning has not been explored. Here we test the specific hypothesis that the CeA and the BNST mediate the acquisition of FW and BW fear conditioning, respectively. Adult female and male rats were randomly assigned to receive bilateral infusions of the NMDA receptor antagonist, D,L-2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate (APV), into the CeA or BNST prior to FW or BW fear conditioning. We found that intra-CeA APV impaired the acquisition of both FW and BW conditioning, whereas intra-BNST APV produced selective deficits in BW conditioning. Moreover, APV in the BNST significantly reduced contextual freezing, whereas CeA NMDA receptor antagonism impeded early but not long-lasting contextual fear. Collectively, these data reveal that CeA and BNST NMDA receptors have unique roles in fear conditioning.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.