ArticleJournal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine2020
Heart rate variability during sleep in children and adolescents with restless sleep disorder: a comparison with restless legs syndrome and normal controls.
Article in Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sympathetic Activation and Sleep-Related Movements: Integrating Autonomic, Dopaminergic, and Iron Deficiency Mechanisms.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Restless legs syndrome and sleep quality in children with migraine and tension-type headache.PeerJ · 2026Article
- Sleep Related Movement Disorders: What's New and Changing Clinical Practice.Journal of sleep research · 2025Review
- Sleep-related movement disorders in children: recent updates.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2025Review
- Restless Sleep Disorder in Children: An Educational Review on Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, and Management.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2025Review
- Restless sleep disorder in a sample of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: preliminary results from a case series.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Assessment of Executive and Cognitive Functions in Children with Restless Sleep Disorder: A Pilot Study.Brain sciences · 2022Article
- Restless Sleep Disorder (RSD): a New Sleep Disorder in Children. A Rapid Review.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
STUDY
objectivesRestless sleep disorder (RSD) has recently been characterized clinically and polysomnographically in children and differentiated from restless legs syndrome (RLS). Heart rate variability is a reliable method to quantify autonomic changes during sleep. The aim of this study was to characterize heart rate variability in children with RSD, RLS, and individuals without these disorders, with the hypothesis that children with RSD have a shift toward sympathetic predominance during sleep.
methodsWe analyzed polysomnographic recordings from 32 children who fulfilled RSD diagnostic criteria (19 boys and 13 girls), 32 children with RLS (20 boys and 12 girls), and 33 individuals without disorders (17 boys and 16 girls). Four electrocardiographic epochs were chosen, 1 for each stage, and were analyzed for automatic detection of R waves. Time domain and frequency domain heart rate variability parameters were obtained and analyzed.
resultsIn terms of time domain, only the standard deviation of the average interval between successive R waves during stage N3 was slightly but significantly higher in patients with RSD than in patients with RLS. In terms of frequency domain, in patients with RSD, the very-low-frequency and low-frequency bands were increased (vs patients with RLS and individuals without disorders, respectively), whereas low-frequency/high-frequency ratio tended to be increased in both patients with RSD and with RLS. In rapid eye movement sleep, low-frequency/high-frequency ratio was increased in both patients with RSD and with RLS. The low-frequency/high-frequency ratio increased in patients with RLS during quiet wakefulness preceding sleep.
conclusionsChildren with RSD have increased sympathetic activation during sleep, particularly N3 and rapid eye movement sleep, compared with individuals without disorders but, as expected, not during wakefulness. Differently, children with RLS have sympathetic activation during relaxed wakefulness preceding sleep and during sleep.
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