ReviewClinical rheumatology2020
Concomitant new diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus and COVID-19 with possible antiphospholipid syndrome. Just a coincidence? A case report and review of intertwining pathophysiology.
Review in Clinical rheumatology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 137 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antiphospholipid Antibodies and COVID-19: A Systematic Review of Clinical Implications.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2025Pooled it
- Ascertaining the mechanistic etiology of COVID-associated glomerulonephritis: a systematic review.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The JANUS of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases onset during COVID-19 - A systematic review of the literature.Journal of autoimmunity · 2021Pooled it
- Autoimmune and Rheumatic Manifestations Associated With COVID-19 in Adults: An Updated Systematic Review.Frontiers in immunologyPooled it
- COVID-19 convalescent plasma composition and immunological effects in severe patients.Journal of autoimmunity · 2021Trial
- Pleuropericardial effusion as a first presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus.Reumatologia · 2026Article
- NETosis: A key player in autoimmunity, COVID-19, and long COVID.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2025Review
- Patterns of kidney diseases diagnosed by kidney biopsy and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: A single-center study.World journal of nephrology · 2024Article
- Understanding autoimmune response after SARS-CoV-2 infection and the pathogenesis/mechanisms of long COVID.Medical review (2021) · 2024Review
- The Onset of Antinuclear Antibodies (ANAs) as a Potential Risk Factor for Mortality and Morbidity in COVID-19 Patients: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- New-onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Manifestation Following COVID-19: A Case Report and Literature Review.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2024Review
- Thrombotic Markers in Pregnant Patients with and without SARS-CoV-2 Infection.American journal of perinatology · 2024Article
- Catastrophic Antiphospholipid Syndrome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Lupus panniculitis as the initial presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus triggered by COVID-19 infection: case report and literature review.Oxford medical case reports · 2023Article
- Severe systemic inflammation mimicking TAFRO syndrome following COVID-19.International journal of hematology · 2023Article
- Molecular mimicry and autoimmunity in the time of COVID-19.Journal of autoimmunity · 2023Review
- New-onset acute psychosis as a manifestation of lupus cerebritis following concomitant COVID-19 infection and vaccination: a rare case report.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Acute Renal Vein Thrombosis Following COVID-19 in a Lupus Patient: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- How Did the Two Years of the COVID-19 Pandemic Affect the Outcomes of the Patients with Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases in Lithuania?Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, further understanding of its complications points towards dysregulated immune response as a major component. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is also a disease of immune dysregulation leading to multisystem compromise. We present a case of new-onset SLE concomitantly with COVID-19 and development of antiphospholipid antibodies. An 18-year-old female that presented with hemodynamic collapse and respiratory failure, progressed to cardiac arrest, and had a pericardial tamponade drained. She then progressed to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, severe ventricular dysfunction, and worsening renal function with proteinuria and hematuria. Further studies showed bilateral pleural effusions, positive antinuclear and antidouble-stranded DNA antibodies, lupus anticoagulant, and anticardiolipin B. C3 and C4 levels were low. SARS-Cov-2 PCR was positive after 2 negative tests. She also developed multiple deep venous thrombosis, in the setting of positive antiphospholipid antibodies and lupus anticoagulant. In terms of pathophysiology, COVID-19 is believed to cause a dysregulated cytokine response which could potentially be exacerbated by the shift in Th1 to Th2 response seen in SLE. Also, it is well documented that viral infections are an environmental factor that contributes to the development of autoimmunity; however, COVID-19 is a new entity, and it is not known if it could trigger autoimmune conditions. Additionally, it is possible that SARS-CoV-2, as it happens with other viruses, might lead to the formation of antiphospholipid antibodies, potentially contributing to the increased rates of thrombosis seen in COVID-19.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.