SynthesisReproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.)2021
Vaginal Fluid Urea and Creatinine as Indicators of Premature Rupture of Membranes: a Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Maternal vaginal colonization screening for term singleton pregnancy: comparative evaluation of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) versus real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR).Practical laboratory medicine · 2026Article
- Development of a Novel Nomogram for Predicting Premature Rupture of Membrane in Pregnant Women With Vulvovaginal Candidiasis.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Article
- Comparative diagnosis of premature rupture of membrane by nitrazine test, urea, and creatinine estimation.International journal of health sciencesArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of vaginal urea and creatinine levels in the detection of premature rupture of membrane (PROM). The Cochrane (central), EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for studies published from the inception of the databases up to January 2020. We included published observational full-text articles. The mean differences (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. The significance level was set as 0.05. Eleven studies (n = 1324) were considered for meta-analysis. Using the bivariate model, the summary estimate of sensitivity and specificity for urea was 0.96 (95% CI: 0.86, 0.98) and 0.93 (95% CI: 0.83, 0.97), respectively. The summary estimate of sensitivity and specificity for creatinine was 0.98 (95% CI: 0.92, 0.99) and 0.97 (95% CI: 0.89, 0.99), respectively. The overall mean of urea and creatinine in the case group was significantly higher than that in the control group (MD = 12.63, 95%, CI [12.01, 13.25]) and (MD = 0.31, 95%, CI [0.29, 0.32]), respectively. The results of this systematic review showed that the mean of urea and creatinine in the case group was significantly higher than that in the control group and the sensitivity and specificity of creatinine is higher than urea in the diagnosis of PROM.
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