ArticleFrontiers in cell and developmental biology2020
Identification and Validation of the Immune Subtypes of Lung Adenocarcinoma: Implications for Immunotherapy.
Article in Frontiers in cell and developmental biology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Improvement of prognosis among patients with lung adenocarcinoma through precision therapy: analysis based on The Cancer Genome Atlas.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Molecular subtyping and a seven-gene immune signature reveal heterogeneity in tumor microenvironment and prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Identification of the immune subtypes associated with the prognosis and immunotherapy of metastatic melanoma.Translational cancer research · 2025Article
- The role of B cell immunity in lung adenocarcinoma.Genes and immunity · 2025Review
- Characterizing the tumor immune environment in thymic epithelial tumors using T-cell receptor repertoire analysis and gene expression profiling.JTCVS open · 2025Article
- Interpretable artificial intelligence based on immunoregulation-related genes predicts prognosis and immunotherapy response in lung adenocarcinoma.Frontiers in bioinformatics · 2025Article
- Integrated immunogenomic analysis of single-cell and bulk profiling reveals novel tumor antigens and subtype-specific therapeutic agents in lung adenocarcinoma.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2024Article
- IGH repertoire analysis at scale: deciphering the complexity of B cell infiltration and migration in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Cancer gene therapy · 2024Article
- Identification of an Exosome-relevant SNHG6-hsa-miR-429- CHRDL1/CCNA2 Axis for Lung Adenocarcinoma Prognosis Evaluation.Current medicinal chemistry · 2024Article
- Loss of Cadherin-11 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma alters tumor-immune microenvironment.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Fusing WGCNA and Machine Learning for Immune-Related Gene Prognostic Index in Lung Adenocarcinoma: Precision Prognosis, Tumor Microenvironment Profiling, and Biomarker Discovery.Journal of inflammation research · 2023Article
- Ttc39c is a potential target for the treatment of lung cancer.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2022Article
- High-risk early-stage lung adenocarcinoma patients are identified by an immune-related circadian clock gene signature.Journal of thoracic disease · 2022Article
- In vitro preliminary study on different anti-PD-1 antibody concentrations on T cells activation.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Development and Validation of a DNA Methylation-related Classifier of Circulating Tumour Cells to Predict Prognosis and to provide a therapeutic strategy in Lung Adenocarcinoma.International journal of biological sciences · 2022Article
- Exploration of Novel Immunological Terms in Lung Cancer With Large Populations: Implications for Immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Construction of an immune-related lncRNA signature as a novel prognosis biomarker for LUAD.Aging · 2021Article
- Molecular subtypes based on CNVs related gene signatures identify candidate prognostic biomarkers in lung adenocarcinoma.Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) · 2021Article
- The Predictive Role of Immune Related Subgroup Classification in Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy for Lung Adenocarcinoma.Frontiers in genetics · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a devastating disease with poor patient survival. Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of LUAD, but only a limited number of patients effectively respond to this treatment. Thus, the work to elucidate the LUAD immune heterogeneity could be crucial in developing new immunotherapeutic strategies with better efficacy. Non-negative matrix factorization-based deconvolution was performed to identify robust clusters of 489 LUAD patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and verify their reproducibility and stability in an independent LUAD cohort of 439 patients from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). We used the graph learning-based dimensionality reduction to visualize the distribution of individual patients. In this study, four reproducible immune subtypes, Clusters 1-4 (C1-C4) associated with distinct gene module signatures, clinicopathological features, molecular and cellular characteristics were identified and validated. The immune-cold subtype, C3, was associated with the Dead event, the most advanced T stage, N stage, TNM stage and the worst prognosis for LUAD patients. Moreover, C3 exhibited the lowest infiltrating levels of B cells, T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire diversity and the highest level of neoantigen and mutation rate among C1-C4. On the other hand, the immune-hot subtype (C4) exhibited the highest infiltration of six types of infiltrating immune cells as well as the greatest leukocyte fraction, TCR and B cell receptor (BCR) repertoire diversity. C1 and C2 subtypes showed diverse clinicopathological and immunological features. Finally, our investigations discovered a complex immune landscape with a scattered immune subtype profile. This work may help inform immunotherapeutic decision-making and design advanced immunotherapy strategies for the treatment of lung cancer.
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