ReviewFrontiers in neurology2020
SeXX Matters in Multiple Sclerosis.
Review in Frontiers in neurology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07081594 (Investigating the Impact of Sex Hormones on Corticospinal Excitability, Motor Learning, and Fatigue in Females With Multiple Sclerosis), which is not on this map. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Investigating the Impact of Sex Hormones on Corticospinal Excitability, Motor Learning, and Fatigue in Females With Multiple Sclerosis
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Virtual Reality-Based Therapy Improves Fatigue, Impact, and Quality of Life in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. A Systematic Review with a Meta-Analysis.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Pooled it
- Women's musculoskeletal health: insights from the 2024 National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine report on chronic conditions.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2026Review
- Integrative multicohort analysis reveals consistent sex differences in gut microbiota of multiple sclerosis patients.mSystems · 2026Article
- Understanding the Role of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Multiple Sclerosis and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Sex-Related Differences in Circular RNA Expression in Multiple Sclerosis: A Pilot Study.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2026Article
- Demyelinating disorders in women: epidemiology, immunology, and clinical implications across MS, NMOSD, and MOGAD.Journal of neurology · 2026Review
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus in people with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2026Review
- Sex Differences in Elderly Multiple Sclerosis Patients Undergoing Neurorehabilitation: How Many Things are Taken for Granted? A Retrospective Study.Journal of geriatric psychiatry and neurology · 2026Article
- Reduced peripheral serotonin levels in women with multiple sclerosis: associations with underweight status, treatment duration, and use of interferon beta 1a.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Article
- Sex differences in the development, treatment, and prognosis of multiple sclerosis in Switzerland.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- The Impact of Sex Hormones on Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Against the Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Working capacity level defines the specific impairment profile of the comprehensive ICF core set for multiple sclerosis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Short-term exposure to particulate matter triggers a selective alteration of plasma extracellular vesicle-packaged miRNAs in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Exploring the role of EBV in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis through EBV interactome.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Neuroimmune dynamics and brain aging: mechanisms and consequences.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Review
- Influence of biological sex on neuroinflammatory dynamics in the aging brain.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Review
- Toward understanding sexual immune dimorphism in humans.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Differential Analysis of Venous Sinus Diameters: Unveiling Vascular Alterations in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Sex impacts treatment decisions in multiple sclerosis.Journal of neurology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS). An interesting feature that this debilitating disease shares with many other inflammatory disorders is that susceptibility is higher in females than in males, with the risk of MS being three times higher in women compared to men. Nonetheless, while men have a decreased risk of developing MS, many studies suggest that males have a worse clinical outcome. MS exhibits an apparent sexual dimorphism in both the immune response and the pathophysiology of the CNS damage, ultimately affecting disease susceptibility and progression differently. Overall, women are predisposed to higher rates of inflammatory relapses than men, but men are more likely to manifest signs of disease progression and worse CNS damage. The observed sexual dimorphism in MS may be due to sex hormones and sex chromosomes, acting in parallel or combination. In this review, we outline current knowledge on the sexual dimorphism in MS and discuss the interplay of sex chromosomes, sex hormones, and the immune system in driving MS disease susceptibility and progression.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.