Trial reportCell research2021
Molecular subtyping and genomic profiling expand precision medicine in refractory metastatic triple-negative breast cancer: the FUTURE trial.
Trial report in Cell research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03805399 (Precision Treatment of Refractory Triple Negative Breast Cancer Based on Molecular Subtyping --FUSCC-TNBC- Umbrella Trial), which is not on this map. Cited by 177 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Precision Treatment of Refractory Triple Negative Breast Cancer Based on Molecular Subtyping --FUSCC-TNBC- Umbrella Trial
Who cites it
177 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 302 citations in OpenAlex.
- Next-generation sequencing for guiding matched targeted therapies in people with relapsed or metastatic cancer.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Sacituzumab govitecan as a therapeutic breakthrough in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer: a systematic review of clinical trials.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Design and analysis of umbrella trials: Where do we stand?Frontiers in medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Sitravatinib plus tislelizumab in locally recurrent or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer: a multi-cohort, single-arm, phase II clinical trial (SPARK Trial).Molecular cancer · 2025Trial
- The anti-PD-L1/CTLA-4 bispecific antibody KN046 in combination with nab-paclitaxel in first-line treatment of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer: a multicenter phase II trial.Nature communications · 2024Trial
- Subtyping-based platform guides precision medicine for heavily pretreated metastatic triple-negative breast cancer: The FUTURE phase II umbrella clinical trial.Cell research · 2023Trial
- Combined angiogenesis and PD-1 inhibition for immunomodulatory TNBC: concept exploration and biomarker analysis in the FUTURE-C-Plus trial.Molecular cancer · 2022Trial
- The tumor microenvironment in triple negative breast cancer and a strategy to improve responses to immunotherapy using cryoablation and immunostimulants.Cancer biology & therapy · 2026Review
- Metabolic immune checkpoints (MICs) in cancer: from molecular mechanisms to challenges and opportunities in clinical translation.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Decoding Mitophagy in Breast Cancer: Biological Mechanisms, Dual Roles, and Clinical Implications.Cells · 2026Review
- Prognostic value and diagnostic performance of nectin-4-targeted [European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2026Article
- Current and future therapies for triple-negative breast cancer.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Spatial organization of the TNBC tumor microenvironment: multicellular niches, T-cell bottlenecks, and therapeutic opportunities.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Targeting MORC2 activates transposable element-mediated viral mimicry and potentiates immune checkpoint blockade in triple-negative breast cancer.Molecular cancer · 2026Article
- Integrative multi-omic analysis identifiedCancer biology & medicine · 2026Article
- Navigating chemoresistance in triple-negative breast cancer: interplay between molecular signalling pathways and immune microenvironment.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- BRAF inhibitor resistance in melanoma: from resistance mechanisms to therapeutic innovations.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Comprehensive genomic profiling of triple-negative breast cancer metastases identifies role of PKD1 in immunotherapy resistance.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- The pseudouridine synthase PUS7 is associated with stemness and represents a potential therapeutic target in triple-negative breast cancer cells.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Artificial intelligence for breast cancer management.Communications medicine · 2026Review
117 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly heterogeneous disease, and molecular subtyping may result in improved diagnostic precision and targeted therapies. Our previous study classified TNBCs into four subtypes with putative therapeutic targets. Here, we conducted the FUTURE trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03805399), a phase Ib/II subtyping-based and genomic biomarker-guided umbrella trial, to evaluate the efficacy of these targets. Patients with refractory metastatic TNBC were enrolled and stratified by TNBC subtypes and genomic biomarkers, and assigned to one of these seven arms: (A) pyrotinib with capecitabine, (B) androgen receptor inhibitor with CDK4/6 inhibitor, (C) anti PD-1 with nab-paclitaxel, (D) PARP inhibitor included, (E) and (F) anti-VEGFR included, or (G) mTOR inhibitor with nab-paclitaxel. The primary end point was the objective response rate (ORR). We enrolled 69 refractory metastatic TNBC patients with a median of three previous lines of therapy (range, 1-8). Objective response was achieved in 20 (29.0%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 18.7%-41.2%) of the 69 intention-to-treat (ITT) patients. Our results showed that immunotherapy (arm C), in particular, achieved the highest ORR (52.6%, 95% CI: 28.9%-75.6%) in the ITT population. Arm E demonstrated favorable ORR (26.1%, 95% CI: 10.2%-48.4% in the ITT population) but with more high grade (≥ 3) adverse events. Somatic mutations of TOP2A and CD8 immunohistochemical score may have the potential to predict immunotherapy response in the immunomodulatory subtype of TNBC. In conclusion, the phase Ib/II FUTURE trial suggested a new concept for TNBC treatment, demonstrating the clinical benefit of subtyping-based targeted therapy for refractory metastatic TNBC.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.