Observational studyBMC neurology2020
Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and measurement properties of the Nepali version of the central sensitization inventory (CSI).
Observational study in BMC neurology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Psychometric properties of patient-reported outcome measures in chronic pain conditions with central sensitization- a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of patient-reported outcomes · 2025Pooled it
- Identical movement control exercises with and without synchronized breathing for chronic non-specific low back pain:A randomized pilot trial.Journal of back and musculoskeletal rehabilitation · 2024Trial
- Meditations on Methodological Issues in Clinical Investigations of "Central Sensitization" (Jonah XII).Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Sex differences in pain-related biopsychosocial assessments in patients with axial spondyloarthritis.Arthritis research & therapy · 2026Article
- Article
- Psychometric Properties of the Arabic Version of the Pain Resilience Scale among Lebanese Adults with Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain.Pain research & management · 2024Article
- Cross-cultural adaptation and validation for central sensitization inventory: based on Chinese patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty for knee osteoarthritis.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2023Article
- Validity of the Central Sensitization Inventory to Address Human Assumed Central Sensitization: Newly Proposed Clinically Relevant Values and Associations.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Protocol of identical exercise programs with and without specific breathing techniques for the treatment of chronic non-specific low back pain: randomized feasibility trial with two-month follow-up.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2023Article
- Article
- Characteristics of clusters with contrasting relationships between central sensitization-related symptoms and pain.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Adaptation and validation of the Chinese version of the Central Sensitisation Inventory in patients with chronic pain.General psychiatry · 2022Article
- The Definition, Assessment, and Prevalence of (Human Assumed) Central Sensitisation in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Psychometric validation of the Polish version of the Central Sensitization Inventory in subjects with chronic spinal pain.BMC neurology · 2021Article
- Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the German Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI-GE).BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2021Article
- Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of Nepali versions of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) Pain Intensity, Pain Interference, Pain Behavior, Depression, and Sleep Disturbance short forms in chronic musculoskeletal pain.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2021Article
- Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Finnish version of the central sensitization inventory and its relationship with dizziness and postural control.BMC neurology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCentral sensitization is thought to be an important contributing factor in many chronic pain disorders. The Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) is a patient-reported measure frequently used to assess symptoms related to central sensitization. The aims of the study were to translate and cross-culturally adapt the CSI into Nepali (CSI-NP) and assess its measurement properties.
methodsThe CSI was translated into Nepali using recommended guidelines. The CSI-NP was then administered on 100 Nepalese adults with sub-acute and chronic musculoskeletal pain with additional demographic and pain-related questions. The CSI-Nepali was administered again about 2 weeks later. Four measurement properties of the CSI-NP were evaluated: (1) internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha, (2) test-retest reliability using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC
resultsThe CSI was successfully translated into Nepali. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were both excellent (Cronbach's alpha = 0.91, and ICC = 0.98). The standard error of measurement was 0.31 and the smallest detectable change was 0.86. Four out of five (80%) a priori hypotheses were met, confirming the construct validity: the CSI-NP correlated strongly with the Pain Catastrophizing Scale total scores (r = 0.50); moderately with the total number of pain descriptors (r = 0.35); weakly with the Numerical Rating Scale (r = 0.25); and women had significantly higher CSI scores than men. However, the CSI scores did not correlate significantly with the total duration of pain, as hypothesized (r = 0.10).
conclusionsThe Nepali translation of the CSI demonstrated excellent reliability and construct validity in adults with musculoskeletal pain. It is now available to Nepali health care providers to help assess central sensitization-related signs and symptoms in individuals with musculoskeletal pain in research or clinical practice to advance the understanding of central sensitization in Nepalese samples.
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