Observational studyInternational journal of molecular sciences2020
HLA-B*44 and C*01 Prevalence Correlates with Covid19 Spreading across Italy.
Observational study in International journal of molecular sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 119 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human Leukocyte Antigen Complex and Other Immunogenetic and Clinical Factors Influence Susceptibility or Protection to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Severity of the Disease Course. The Sardinian Experience.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Trial
- HLA-B class I allele associations with neurological complications in pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection: a retrospective observational study.BMC pediatrics · 2026Observational
- HLA Class I and II Variants as Potential Determinants of Clinical Severity and Mortality in Patients with COVID-19: A Prospective Study from Saudi Arabia.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Association of human leukocyte antigen B genotypes with COVID-19 severity in Egyptian patients.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Influence of HLA Class I and II Polymorphisms on COVID-19 Severity in a South Brazilian Population.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Association between HLA genetics and SARS-CoV-2 infection in a large real-world cohort.Genes and immunity · 2025Article
- HLA Polymorphisms and COVID-19 Susceptibility and Severity: Insights From an Iranian Patients Cohort.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- A rapid ecologic analysis, confirmed by a case-control study, identifies class I HLA alleles correlated to the risk of COVID-19.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- The HLA-B -21 M/T dimorphism associates with disease severity in COVID-19.Genes and immunity · 2025Article
- Article
- Associations Between Clinical Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and HLA Alleles in a Caucasian Population: A Molecular HLA Typing Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Sex-Specific HLA Alleles Contribute to the Modulation of COVID-19 Severity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- HLA-C Peptide Repertoires as Predictors of Clinical Response during Early SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Clinical Phenotype of HLA B*44 Patients in a Rheumatology Outpatient Clinic Favors Peripheral Arthropathies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Relationship between HLA-II Gene Polymorphisms and Immune Response in COVID-19 Survivors and Volunteers Vaccinated against This Infection.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2024Article
- Impact of HLA Alleles on COVID-19 Severity in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Single-Center Study.Cureus · 2024Article
- Article
- Narrative Review Explaining the Role ofInfectious disease reports · 2024Review
- Evaluation the frequencies of HLA alleles in moderate and severe COVID-19 patients in Iran: A molecular HLA typing study.Heliyon · 2024Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The spread of COVID-19 is showing huge, unexplained, differences between northern and southern Italy. We hypothesized that the regional prevalence of specific class I human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles, which shape the anti-viral immune response, might partly underlie these differences. Through an ecological approach, we analyzed whether a set of HLA alleles (A, B, C), known to be involved in the immune response against infections, correlates with COVID-19 incidence. COVID-19 data were provided by the National Civil Protection Department, whereas HLA allele prevalence was retrieved through the Italian Bone-Marrow Donors Registry. Among all the alleles, HLA-A*25, B*08, B*44, B*15:01, B*51, C*01, and C*03 showed a positive log-linear correlation with COVID-19 incidence rate fixed on 9 April 2020 in proximity of the national outbreak peak (Pearson's coefficients between 0.50 and 0.70,
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.