Observational studyThe ocular surface2020
Assessing the ocular surface microbiome in severe ocular surface diseases.
Observational study in The ocular surface, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Potential role of the ocular surface microbiome in dry eye: microbial interactions and symptom alleviation.mSystems · 2026Trial
- Effects of Carboxymethylcellulose Artificial Tears on Ocular Surface Microbiome Diversity and Composition, A Randomized Controlled Trial.Translational vision science & technology · 2023Trial
- Conjunctival Sac-Derived Lactobacillus mucosae MM-1 Metabolite Indole-3-Lactic Acid Attenuates Lens-Induced Myopia in Mice via AHR Activation and TGF-β/Smad Inhibition.Microbial biotechnology · 2026Article
- Role of microbiome in ocular surface disease: interpreting biology in a low-biomass environment.Current opinion in ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Ocular immune homeostasis-mechanisms of precise regulation through coordination of the eye, visual system and beyond: a narrative review.Annals of eye science · 2026Article
- From Health to Disease: A Comprehensive Review of Ocular Surface Microbiota and Detection Methods in Dry Eye.Current microbiology · 2026Review
- Comprehensive Analysis of the Conjunctival Sac Microbiome in Patients With Evaporative Dry Eye and Mixed Dry Eye.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Editorial: Ocular surface disorders- an insight.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Characterization of the microbial profile in tears of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma: results from a pilot study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Exploring the ocular microecology and its role in pterygium based on metagenomics.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- The Ocular Surface Microbiome in Homeostasis and Dysbiosis.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Review
- Toward the Characterization of the Human Core Ocular Surface Microbiome.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Bovine ocular microbiome: the next frontier in managing Pinkeye in cattle.Animal microbiome · 2025Article
- Alterations of ocular surface microbiome in glaucoma and its association with dry eye.Journal of medical microbiology · 2025Article
- Preoperative conjunctival flora and antibiotic susceptibility in cataract surgery patients at Ibn Al-Haitham teaching eye hospital in Baghdad, Iraq.Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection · 2025Article
- Ocular surface microbiota alterations in patients with pterygium.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Sequencing the ocular surface microbiome: a review of methodological practices and considerations.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2025Review
- A Comparative Analysis of the Ocular Microbiome: Insights into Healthy Eyes and Anophthalmic Sockets.Microorganisms · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThere is growing evidence for a critical role of the microbiome in ocular health and disease. We performed a prospective, observational study to characterize the ocular surface microbiome (OSM) in four chronic ocular surface diseases (OSDs) and healthy controls.
methodsSterile swabs were used to collect samples from each eye of 39 patients (78 eyes). Sterile technique and multiple controls were used to assess contamination during DNA extraction, amplification and sequencing. Concurrent use of topical antibiotics, steroids, and bandage contact lenses (BCLs) was documented.
resultsDespite the low biomass of the ocular surface, 47/78 (60%) eyes sampled had positive sequencing reads. We observed that half of patients (8/17, 47%) had distinct microbiomes in each eye. Healthy controls had a Lactobacillus/Streptococcus mixture or significant Corynebacterium. Staphylococcus predominated in 4/7 (57%) patients with Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) in at least one eye, compared to 0/10 healthy controls. Interestingly, 8/11 (73%) eyes with SJS were using BCLs, including 4/5 (80%) eyes dominated by Staphylococcus. Lax eyelid syndrome (LES) and Dry Eye Disease (DED) patients had similar OSMs, with Corynebacterium being the most prevalent bacteria. Alpha diversity was higher in controls and ocular graft-vs-host (oGVHD) patients compared to the other OSDs.
conclusionsOnly 50% of the 39 patients had similar microbiomes in each eye. A majority of healthy eyes had a Lactobacillus/Streptococcus mix or Corynebacterium microbiome. Staphylococcus predominated in SJS, Lactobacillus in oGVHD, and Corynebacterium in DED and LES. There may be an association between different OSDs and the microbiome.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.