ArticlePloS one2020
Factors associated with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Bhutan: A nationwide case-control study.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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10 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Patterns of Multidrug Resistance and Treatment Outcomes Among Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Bangladesh.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Epidemiologic trajectories and burden of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) mortality across South Asia: An analysis of Global Burden of Disease data (1990-2023) with machine learning forecasting to 2050.Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2026Article
- Prevalence of drug resistant tuberculosis and its associated factors among tuberculosis patients at wolkite health center in central Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Outcomes and Adverse Events of WHO Shorter Regimen in the Treatment of Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis in Bhutan: A Longitudinal Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Factors influencing the risk of developing multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis in Northeast Thailand.Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2025Article
- Risk factors on length of stay among pulmonary tuberculosis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of nursing studies advances · 2025Article
- Article
- Causal relationship between insomnia and tuberculosis: A bi-directional Mendelian randomization analysis.Medicine · 2022Article
- Factors contributing to the high prevalence of multidrug-resistance/Rifampicin-resistance in patients with tuberculosis: an epidemiological cross sectional and qualitative study from Khabarovsk krai region of Russia.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Determinants of Multidrug-ResistantInfection and drug resistance · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMultidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a growing public health concern globally. In Bhutan, the rates of MDR-TB are high. Data on the risk factors of MDR-TB that can help inform policies are limited in Bhutan. This study aimed to determine the risk factors associated with MDR-TB.
methodsA nationwide unmatched case-control study was conducted that included 79 MDR-TB cases and 118 controls. Data was collected by trained health workers through interviews using a structured questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors associated with MDR-TB.
resultsThe mean age of the participants was 32.4 and 33.7 years among the cases and the controls, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, the odds of having MDR-TB was higher among those who slept for less than 9 hours a day (AOR: 2.77, 95%CI: 1.11-6.92), frequently travelled in public transport (AOR: 2.96, 95% CI: 1.36-6.48), and had previous TB treatment (AOR: 5.90, 95%CI: 2.55-13.64). A greater number of rooms was also marginally associated with odds of having MDR-TB.
conclusionsThe findings suggest previous TB treatment, inadequate sleep duration, and travelling by public transport to be the risk factors associated with having MDR-TB in Bhutan. Intensification of early case detection, strengthening directly observed treatment strategy, improving treatment adherence, and increasing awareness can help control the rising MDR-TB epidemic.
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