ArticlePloS one2020
Distribution of heavy metal resistance elements in Canadian Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- populations and association with the monophasic genotypes and phenotype.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genomic Insights into the Population Structure and Antimicrobial Resistance of the Most Prevalent Human-Associated Non-TyphoidalMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Genomic surveillance reveals escalating antimicrobial resistance and plasmid diversity in clinicalFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Localization of the origin of transfer for Salmonella genomic island 4 from Salmonella enterica serovar I 4,[5],12:i:.DNA research : an international journal for rapid publication of reports on genes and genomes · 2025Article
- Insights into the Evolution of IncR Plasmids Found in the Southern European Clone of the Monophasic Variant ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Spread ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Insights on the effects of antimicrobial and heavy metal usage on the antimicrobial resistance profiles of pigs based on culture-independent studies.Veterinary research · 2023Review
- Article
- Genomic Analysis of Two MDR Isolates ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Relationship and distribution of Salmonella enterica serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- strain sequences in the NCBI Pathogen Detection database.BMC genomics · 2022Article
- Population analysis of heavy metal and biocide resistance genes inFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- The Rising Burden of Salmonellosis Caused by MonophasicAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Colistin Resistance in Monophasic Isolates ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Population structure, case clusters, and genetic lesions associated with Canadian Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- isolates.PloS one · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- are monophasic S. Typhimurium variants incapable of producing the second-phase flagellar antigen. They have emerged since the mid-1990s to become one of the most prevalent Salmonella serotypes causing human disease world-wide. Multiple genetic events associated with different genetic elements can result in the monophasic phenotype. Several jurisdictions have reported the emergence of a Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- clone with SGI-4 and a genetic element (MREL) encoding a mercury resistance operon and antibiotic resistance loci that disrupts the second phase antigen region near the iroB locus in the Salmonella genome. We have sequenced 810 human and animal Canadian Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- isolates and determined that isolates with SGI-4 and the mercury resistance element (MREL; also known as RR1&RR2) constitute several global clades containing various proportions of Canadian, US, and European isolates. Detailed analysis of the data provides a clearer picture of how these heavy metal elements interact with bacteria within the Salmonella population to produce the monophasic phenotype. Insertion of the MREL near iroB is associated with several deletions and rearrangements of the adjacent flaAB hin region, which may be useful for defining human case clusters that could represent outbreaks. Plasmids carrying genes encoding silver, copper, mercury, and antimicrobial resistance appear to be derived from IS26 mediated acquisition of these genes from genomes carrying SGI-4 and the MREL. Animal isolates with the mercury and As/Cu/Ag resistance elements are strongly associated with porcine sources in Canada as has been shown previously for other jurisdictions. The data acquired in these investigations, as well as from the extensive literature on the subject, may aid source attribution in outbreaks of the organism and interventions to decrease the prevalence of this clone and reduce its impact on human disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.