ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2021
Safety and target engagement profile of two oxaloacetate doses in Alzheimer's patients.
Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Anhydrous Enol-Oxaloacetate (AEO) on Improving Fatigue in Post-COVID-19 Survivors
A Randomized Double Blind Placebo Controlled Trial to Determine the Effects of Oxaloacetate on Improving Fatigue in ME/CFS
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin in early Alzheimer's disease: A randomized controlled trial.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Trial
- Ferroptosis and aging: Inducing and catalyzing neurodegenerative diseases.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- An analysis of succinate dehydrogenase B in pleural mesothelioma.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders: mechanisms and therapeutic advances.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Article
- Lifespan-Extending Endogenous Metabolites.Aging cell · 2026Review
- RIMKLA promotes hypertension by activating PKM2 to trigger VSMC phenotype switch.Military Medical Research · 2026Article
- A blood based mitochondrial functional index biomarker for Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Insights into the molecular mechanism of neurological diseases and their pathophysiological responses.Archives of toxicology · 2025Review
- REGAIN: a randomized controlled clinical trial of oxaloacetate for improving the symptoms of long COVID.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease: a key frontier for future targeted therapies.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- RESTORE ME: a RCT of oxaloacetate for improving fatigue in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Novel Approaches to the Establishment of Local Microenvironment from Resorbable Biomaterials in the Brain In Vitro Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Oxaloacetate enhances and accelerates regeneration in young mice by promoting proliferation and mineralization.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Article
- Oxaloacetate Treatment For Mental And Physical Fatigue In Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) and Long-COVID fatigue patients: a non-randomized controlled clinical trial.Journal of translational medicine · 2022Article
- Pharmacologic enrichment of exosome yields and mitochondrial cargo.Mitochondrion · 2022Article
- Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Influences Amyloid-β Protein Precursor Localization and Amyloid-β Secretion.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2022Article
- Contrasting Metabolic Insufficiency in Aging and Dementia.Aging and disease · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionBrain bioenergetics are defective in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Preclinical studies find oxaloacetate (OAA) enhances bioenergetics, but human safety and target engagement data are lacking.
methodsWe orally administered 500 or 1000 mg OAA, twice daily for 1 month, to AD participants (n = 15 each group) and monitored safety and tolerability. To assess brain metabolism engagement, we performed fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy before and after the intervention. We also assessed pharmacokinetics and cognitive performance.
resultsBoth doses were safe and tolerated. Compared to the lower dose, the higher dose benefited FDG PET glucose uptake across multiple brain regions (P < .05), and the higher dose increased parietal and frontoparietal glutathione (P < .05). We did not demonstrate consistent blood level changes and cognitive scores did not improve.
conclusions1000 mg OAA, taken twice daily for 1 month, is safe in AD patients and engages brain energy metabolism.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.