ReviewHepatology (Baltimore, Md.)2021
Improving the Efficacy of Liver Cancer Immunotherapy: The Power of Combined Preclinical and Clinical Studies.
Review in Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety and Efficacy of Adebrelimab plus Apatinib Combined with Hepatic Artery Infusion Chemotherapy for the Treatment of Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2026Article
- Autophagy-promoted immunogenic cell death elicited by tyrosine kinase inhibitor orchestrates a synergistic immunotherapeutic microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2026Article
- Advancing liver cancer immunotherapy beyond checkpoint blockade.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Article
- Predicting prognosis and drug sensitivity in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma using an lncRNA signature associated with cuproptosis.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Bimetallic Nanozyme Amplifier for Synergistic Ferroptosis-Cuproptosis and Metabolic Reprogramming to Reshape Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Bridging dimensions: a comparative analysis of 2D and 3D in vitro models for hepatocellular carcinoma research.Archives of toxicology · 2025Article
- The spatiotemporal heterogeneity of reactive oxygen species in the malignant transformation of viral hepatitis to hepatocellular carcinoma: a new insight.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2025Review
- Article
- Exploring radiation resistance-related genes in pancreatic cancer and their impact on patient prognosis and treatment.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Heterogeneity of hepatocellular carcinoma: from mechanisms to clinical implications.Cancer gene therapy · 2024Review
- Propofol regulates the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma via the POLR2L/TGF-β signaling pathway.Translational cancer research · 2024Article
- Self-delivery photothermal-boosted-nanobike multi-overcoming immune escape by photothermal/chemical/immune synergistic therapy against HCC.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Article
- An Engineered Influenza a Virus Expressing the Co-Stimulator OX40L as an Oncolytic Agent Against Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2024Article
- A comprehensive survival and prognosis analysis of GPR55 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma.Aging · 2023Article
- A decade of liver organoids: Advances in disease modeling.Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2023Review
- The combination of eddy thermal effect of biodegradable magnesium with immune checkpoint blockade shows enhanced efficacy against osteosarcoma.Bioactive materials · 2023Article
- Integrative epigenetic analysis reveals AP-1 promotes activation of tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells in HCC.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2023Article
- Article
- Unleashing the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: factors, strategies, and ongoing trials.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Comprehensive analysis of metabolic pathway activity subtypes derived prognostic signature in hepatocellular carcinoma.Cancer medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a most deadly malignant disease worldwide, with no effective mechanism-based therapy available. Therefore, following the "miracle" outcomes seen in a few patients at the advanced stages of melanoma or lung cancer, the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) immediately entered clinical trials for advanced HCC patients without pre-clinical studies. Emerging data of clinical studies showed manageable toxicity and safety but limited therapeutic benefit to HCC patients, suggesting low response rate. Thus, one urgent issue is how to convert the liver tumors from cold to hot and responsive, which may rely on in-depth mechanistic studies in animal models and large scale data analysis in human patients. One ongoing approach is to design combinatorial treatment of different ICIs with other reagents and modalities. Indeed, a phase 3 clinical trial showed that combination of atezolizumab and bevacizumab achieved better overall and progression-free survival rates than sorafenib in unresectable HCC. This review highlights the value of animal models and the power of combining pre-clinical and clinical studies in efforts to improve HCC immunotherapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.