ArticleUpdates in surgery2021
Risk factors and outcomes of conversion to open surgery in endoscopic thyroidectomy via bilateral areola approach: a retrospective Chinese population study.
Article in Updates in surgery, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Case Report: Diagnosis and treatment strategy for a case of multiple chest wall implantations and neck lymph node metastasis following total areola endoscopic surgery for papillary thyroid carcinoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Case Report: Endoscopic Sistrunk and thyroidectomy via the areola approach in patients with thyroglossal duct cysts and thyroid cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Ultrasound-guided needle localization in trans-mammary endoscopic thyroidectomy: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAlthough endoscopic thyroidectomy via the bilateral areola approach (ETBAA) has shown cosmetic advantage over open surgery, the risk factors of conversion to open surgery and its impact on patients remain unknown. The objective of this study is to analyze the predictors for conversion to open procedure in patients who underwent ETBAA and its related outcomes.
methodsThe clinical data of patients who underwent ETBAA from May 2010 to May 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups according to operation notes: the conversion group and the non-conversion group. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the risk factors for conversion to open surgery.
resultsAltogether, 140 patients were included in this study. Sixteen (11.4%) patients underwent conversion during ETBAA. Four factors demonstrated significant difference between the two groups: sex (P = 0.001), body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.021), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) level (P = 0), and antithyroglobulin antibody (ATG) level (P = 0). Further univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that male sex (P = 0.006), TPOAb level>7.8 IU/ml (P = 0.005), and ATG level>79 IU/ml (P = 0.003) had a significant correlation with conversion to open surgery in ETBAA. Prolonged operative time, increased surgical cost, and less patient cosmetic satisfaction were demonstrated in the conversion group (P < 0.05).
conclusionsMale sex, high TPOAb level, and high ATG level were independent risk factors for conversion. Conversion to open surgery in ETBAA is associated with prolonged operative time, increased surgical cost and less patient cosmetic satisfaction.
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