ArticleEnvironmental science and pollution research international2020
Dietary exposure assessment of cadmium, arsenic, and lead in market rice from Sri Lanka.
Article in Environmental science and pollution research international, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- South Asia-specific adaptation of Mediterranean diet principles: a mixed-methods review for practical and sustainable dietary habits.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Arsenic, Cadmium, and Lead in Soils and Cereal Grains of the Pannonian Plain (Croatia): Soil-to-Grain Transfer and Dietary Exposure Assessment.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Probabilistic assessment of the cumulative risk from dietary heavy metal exposure in Chongqing, China using a hazard-driven approach.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Cadmium Toxicity and Health Effects-A Brief Summary.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Toxic Elements in Beans from Zhejiang, Southeast China: Distribution and Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Human Dietary Exposure to Heavy Metals via Rice in Nepal.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Article
- Heavy Metals in Unprocessed or Minimally Processed Foods Consumed by Humans Worldwide: A Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Uncertainty and sensitivity analyses of human health risk from bioaccessible arsenic exposure via rice ingestion in Bangkok, Thailand.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2022Article
- How productive are rice farmers in Sri Lanka? The impact of resource accessibility, seed sources and varietal diversification.Heliyon · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Rice is frequently reported to be contaminated with heavy metals (HMs); thus, the human health risks from its consumption have received increasing attention. A total of 165 commercial rice samples from Sri Lanka were collected to determine their cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and lead (Pb) concentrations. The exposure risk for Sri Lankans from the estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of these toxicants was assessed. Simultaneously, non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were evaluated using hazard quotients (HQs) and the hazard index (HI). The results revealed that the average levels of Cd, As, and Pb in commercial rice were 0.080 ± 0.130, 0.077 ± 0.040, and 0.031 ± 0.050 mg/kg, respectively, with ranges of 0.003-0.727, 0.019-0.217, and 0.001-0.345 mg/kg (expressed on a dry weight basis), respectively. The average EDIs of Cd, inorganic As (iAs), and Pb were 0.772, 0.490, and 0.306 μg/kg body weight (bw)/day, respectively; these were below provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) values recommended by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), but iAs was above the recommended reference doses (RfDs) recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). However, approximately 25% and 75% of the Cd and iAs HQs for the Sri Lankan population, respectively, were greater than 1, suggesting a potential health risk, whereas the HQs for Pb was less than 1. Considering the additive effect, HI values of the P90, P95, P97.5, and P99 percentiles would reach 4.773, 6.458, 8.392, and 11.614, implying that intake of the combined metals might result in potential health risks.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.