ReviewFrontiers in immunology2020
The Role of Immunomodulatory Receptors in the Pathogenesis of HIV Infection: A Therapeutic Opportunity for HIV Cure?
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Expression Profile and Biological Role of Immune Checkpoints in Disease Progression of HIV/SIV Infection.Viruses · 2022Pooled it
- Osteomyelitis in HIV pathogenesis, challenges, and therapeutic strategies.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Review
- Hepatic Viral Reservoirs in Concurrent HIV and HBV: From Mechanistic Insight to Integrated Cure Strategies.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Review
- HIV reservoirs in lymphomagenesis: hidden driver in the era of viral suppression?Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Review
- Novel insights into immune checkpoints in HIV/SHIV infection: from SHIVJournal of virology · 2025Article
- Latency Reversing Agents and the Road to an HIV CurePathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- IL-27 effects on HIVFrontiers in virology (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Immunoinformatic-driven design and evaluation of multi-epitope mRNA vaccine targeting HIV-1 gp120.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- CMV Retinitis in the Context of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case Study and Comprehensive Review of Viral Interactions.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Pembrolizumab for the treatment of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in China.Journal of neurovirology · 2023Article
- Selective loss of CD107a TIGIT+ memory HIV-1-specific CD8+ T cells in PLWH over a decade of ART.eLife · 2023Article
- Expression of TIGIT, PD-1 and HLA-DR/CD38 markers on CD8-T cells of children and adolescents infected with HIV and uninfected controls.Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo · 2023Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors as potential therapy for reverting T-cell exhaustion and reverting HIV latency in people living with HIV.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Cellular and molecular insights into incomplete immune recovery in HIV/AIDS patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 Axis Inhibition in Viral Infections: Clinical Data and Therapeutic Opportunities.Vaccines · 2022Review
- Review
- Anti-inflammatory effects of recreational marijuana in virally suppressed youth with HIV-1 are reversed by use of tobacco products in combination with marijuana.Retrovirology · 2022Article
- T-Cell Immune Dysregulation and Mortality in Women With Human Immunodeficiency Virus.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Article
- Transient HIV Reservoirs and Interleukin-6 Increase After Anti-Programmed Death-1 Antibody Infusion in HIV Patients with Lung Cancer.Journal of inflammation research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Immune activation is the hallmark of HIV infection and plays a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. In the context of suppressed HIV RNA replication by combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), there remains immune activation which is associated to the HIV reservoirs. Persistent virus contributes to a sustained inflammatory environment promoting accumulation of "activated/exhausted" T cells with diminished effector function. These T cells show increased expression of immunomodulatory receptors including Programmed cell death protein (PD1), Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Associated Protein 4 (CTLA4), Lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG3), T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT), T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain containing 3 (TIM3) among others. More importantly, recent reports had demonstrated that, HIV infected T cells express checkpoint receptors, contributing to their survival and promoting maintenance of the viral reservoir. Therapeutic strategies are focused on viral reservoir elimination and/or those to achieve sustained cART-free virologic remission. In this review, we will discuss the immunological basis and the latest advances of the use of checkpoint inhibitors to treat HIV infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.