ReviewFrontiers in immunology2020
Influence of Androgens on Immunity to Self and Foreign: Effects on Immunity and Cancer.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 97 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
97 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 132 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of Exercise on Immune System Markers in Cancer Patients and Survivors: A Systematic Review.Journal of sports science & medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Sequencing of Androgen-Deprivation Therapy of Short Duration With Radiotherapy for Nonmetastatic Prostate Cancer (SANDSTORM): A Pooled Analysis of 12 Randomized Trials.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2023Pooled it
- Effect of Androgen Suppression on Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized Men With COVID-19: The HITCH Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2022Trial
- Sex hormones, the gut microbiome, and neurodegenerative diseases: Lifespan perspective.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Beyond sex determination: the Y chromosome in male cancers.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- A Developmental Neuroimmune Cascade Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Association between sex hormones and innate cytotoxic capacity of circulating and rectal mucosal immune cells.Clinical immunology communications · 2026Article
- Comprehensive analysis and validation of the prognostic value of glycosylation- and mitophagy-related genes for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Androgens are a Key Factor Affecting Immune Related Diseases.The world journal of men's health · 2026Review
- Sex hormones and gender differences in immune responses and anticancer immunity: a comprehensive review.Biologia futura · 2026Review
- Sex as a Biological Variable in Tuberculosis Pathogenesis.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Sex Differences in Cancer Immunotherapy-Clinical Evidence and Mechanisms With a Focus on NSCLC.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Multiracial Cytokine Profiling Reveals Immune Dysregulation not Chronic Inflammation in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Article
- Targeting Androgen Receptor as a Novel Radiosensitizing Therapy to Improve Long-Term Survival and Anti-tumor Immunity in Glioblastoma via TGF-β/Smad3 Axis Reprogramming.Research square · 2026Article
- Bilateral Optic Neuritis as the Initial Presentation of Acute HIV Infection in a Young Bodybuilder: A Case Report.Reports (MDPI) · 2026Article
- Global surge in pancreatic cancer cases driven by ageing populations and modifiable risks.Journal of global health · 2026Article
- Sex Hormones-Mediated Modulation of Immune Checkpoints in Pregnancy and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- The Immune Biology of the Adrenal Gland Microenvironment and Its Role in Metastatic Progression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Testosterone and androgen receptor pathway modulation in sepsis: immunometabolic mechanisms and therapeutic implications - a scoping review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- An agent-based learning model integrating sex differences in renal cell carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
37 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
It is well-known that sex hormones can directly and indirectly influence immune cell function. Different studies support a suppressive role of androgens on different components of the immune system by decreasing antibody production, T cell proliferation, NK cytotoxicity, and stimulating the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Androgen receptors have also been detected in many different cells of hematopoietic origin leading to direct effects of their ligands on the development and function of the immune system. The immunosuppressive properties of androgens could contribute to gender dimorphisms in autoimmune and infectious disease and thereby also hamper immune surveillance of tumors. Consistently, females generally are more prone to autoimmunity, while relatively less susceptible to infections, and have lower incidence and mortality of the majority of cancers compared to males. Some studies show that androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) can induce expansion of naïve T cells and increase T-cell responses. Emerging clinical data also reveal that ADT might enhance the efficacy of various immunotherapies including immune checkpoint blockade. In this review, we will discuss the potential role of androgens and their receptors in the immune responses in the context of different diseases. A particular focus will be on cancer, highlighting the effect of androgens on immune surveillance, tumor biology and on the efficacy of anti-cancer therapies including emerging immune therapies.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.