ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2020
NAuRA: Genomic Tool to Identify Staphylococcal Enterotoxins in
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- A comprehensive review of regulatory mechanisms of novel enterotoxin genes inAnnals of medicine · 2026Review
- Targeting Quorum Sensing to Combat Foodborne Pathogens: A Dual Strategy Against Spoilage and Pathogenesis.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Impact of sequencing read quality on whole-genome sequencing outcomes for foodborne pathogens using a BacWORK standardized analysis workflow.Bioinformatics advances · 2026Article
- A Comprehensive Review of Detection Methods forToxins · 2025Review
- Highly Sensitive Suspension Immunoassay for Multiplex Detection, Differentiation, and Quantification of EightToxins · 2025Article
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- Isolation of community-associated methicillin-resistantOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2024Article
- Staphylococcal Enterotoxins: Description and Importance in Food.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Prevalence of virulence- and antibiotic resistance-associated genotypes and phenotypes inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- The Enterotoxin Gene Profiles and Enterotoxin Production ofFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Molecular characterization of enterotoxin genes in methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolated from food poisoning outbreaks in Egypt.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2023Article
- Absence of Staphylococcus aureus in Wild Populations of Fish Supports a Spillover Hypothesis.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Analysis of Bovine AssociatedPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Genomic Characterization ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
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- Article
- Article
- Clonal Diversity, Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Presence of Genes Encoding Virulence Factors in Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Cut Wound Infections.Current microbiology · 2022Article
- Draft Genome Sequence of the Community-Associated Staphylococcus aureus Sequence Type 88 Strain LVP-7, Isolated from an Ocular Infection.Microbiology resource announcements · 2021Article
- Whole Genome Sequencing Provides an Added Value to the Investigation of Staphylococcal Food Poisoning Outbreaks.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 8 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Food contamination by staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) is responsible for many food poisoning outbreaks (FPOs) each year, and they represent the third leading cause of FPOs in Europe. SEs constitute a protein family with 27 proteins. However, enzyme immunoassays can only detect directly in food the five classical SEs (SEA-SEE). Thus, molecular characterization methods of strains found in food are now used for FPO investigations. Here, we describe the development and implementation of a genomic analysis tool called NAuRA (Nice automatic Research of alleles) that can detect the presence of 27 SEs genes in just one analysis- and create a database of allelic data and protein variants for harmonizing analyses. This tool uses genome assembly data and the 27 protein sequences of SEs. To include the different divergence levels between SE-coding genes, parameters of coverage and identity were generated from 10,000 simulations and a dataset of 244 assembled genomes from strains responsible for outbreaks in Europe as well as the RefSeq reference database. Based on phylogenetic inference performed using maximum-likelihood on the core genomes of the strains in this collection, we demonstrated that strains responsible for FPOs are distributed throughout the phylogenetic tree. Moreover, 71 toxin profiles were obtained using the NAuRA pipeline and these profiles do not follow the evolutionary history of strains. This study presents a pioneering method to investigate strains isolated from food at the genomic level and to analyze the diversity of all 27 SE-coding genes together.
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