ReviewThe Neuroscientist : a review journal bringing neurobiology, neurology and psychiatry2021
Multiple Motor Learning Processes in Humans: Defining Their Neurophysiological Bases.
Review in The Neuroscientist : a review journal bringing neurobiology, neurology and psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06137456 (First Report of a New Exoskeleton in Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury), which is not on this map. Cited by 75 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
First Report of a New Exoskeleton in Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury: FreeGait®
Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 140 citations in OpenAlex.
- Motor Memory Consolidation Deficits in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2023Pooled it
- Non-invasive brain stimulation for improving gait, balance, and lower limbs motor function in stroke.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- First report of a new exoskeleton in incomplete spinal cord injury: FreeGaitThe journal of spinal cord medicine · 2026Trial
- Effects of Different Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Targets for Enhancing Motor Learning: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.Neural plasticity · 2026Trial
- Non-invasive stimulation of the human striatum disrupts reinforcement learning of motor skills.Nature human behaviour · 2024Trial
- Effectiveness of online teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic on practical manual therapy skills of undergraduate physiotherapy students.The Journal of manual & manipulative therapy · 2023Trial
- Comparison of a single session of tDCS on cerebellum vs. motor cortex in stroke patients: a randomized sham-controlled trial.Annals of medicine · 2023Trial
- Transcranial direct current stimulation combined with robotic training in incomplete spinal cord injury: a randomized, sham-controlled clinical trial.Spinal cord series and cases · 2021Trial
- Recognition capability of one's own skilled movement is dissociated from acquisition of motor skill memory.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Cerebellar rhythms: mechanisms, functions and translational opportunities.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2026Review
- Network-oriented neurorehabilitation after stroke: a paradigmatic approach.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Review
- Successful reinforcement history suppresses explicit and implicit error corrections.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Biochemical Pathways of Neuroplasticity in Sport Skill Acquisition: From Neuroscience to Coaching Practice.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Signal-Dependent Planning Noise Reduces Task Interference by Assisting in the Formation of Stable Motor Primitives in a Neural Network Model of Muscle Coordination Learning.Neural computation · 2026Article
- Eccentric Exercise and Muscle Damage: An Introductory Guide.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2026Review
- Use-dependent learning biases the initial state but not the learning dynamics of implicit adaptation.Experimental brain research · 2026Article
- Sequential gait interventions reveal non-reciprocal transfer between instructional and sensorimotor adaptation mechanisms.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Identifying motor learning deficits in neurological conditions: a critical analysis of a perennial problem.Experimental brain research · 2026Review
- Hand and Arm Bimanual Intensive Therapy Including Lower Extremities (HABIT-ILE@home) for Adults With Chronic Stroke: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Learning new motor behaviors or adjusting previously learned actions to account for dynamic changes in our environment requires the operation of multiple distinct motor learning processes, which rely on different neuronal substrates. For instance, humans are capable of acquiring new motor patterns via the formation of internal model representations of the movement dynamics and through positive reinforcement. In this review, we will discuss how changes in human physiological markers, assessed with noninvasive brain stimulation techniques from distinct brain regions, can be utilized to provide insights toward the distinct learning processes underlying motor learning. We will summarize the findings from several behavioral and neurophysiological studies that have made efforts to understand how distinct processes contribute to and interact when learning new motor behaviors. In particular, we will extensively review two types of behavioral processes described in human sensorimotor learning: (1) a recalibration process of a previously learned movement and (2) acquiring an entirely new motor control policy, such as learning to play an instrument. The selected studies will demonstrate in-detail how distinct physiological mechanisms contributions change depending on the time course of learning and the type of behaviors being learned.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.