ArticleImmunology and cell biology2020
The use of patient-derived breast tissue explants to study macrophage polarization and the effects of environmental chemical exposure.
Article in Immunology and cell biology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor tadalafil reduces prostatic fibrosis via MiR-3126-3p/FGF9 axis in benign prostatic hyperplasia.Biology direct · 2024Article
- SFRP1 decreases WNT-Mediated M2 macrophage marker expression in breast tissue.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2024Article
- Empowering personalized medicine: unleashing the potential of patient-derived explants in clinical practice.EXCLI journal · 2024Article
- Environmental Health and Toxicology: Immunomodulation Promoted by Endocrine-Disrupting Chemical Tributyltin.Toxics · 2023Review
- Potential Pro-Tumorigenic Effect of Bisphenol A in Breast Cancer via Altering the Tumor Microenvironment.Cancers · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Ex vivo mammary explant systems are an excellent model to study interactions between epithelium and stromal cell types because they contain physiologically relevant heterotypic interactions in the background of genetically diverse patients. The intact human mammary tissue, termed patient-derived explant (PDE), can be used to investigate cellular responses to a wide variety of external stimuli in situ. For this study, we examined the impact of cytokines or environmental chemicals on macrophage phenotypes. We demonstrate that we can polarize macrophages within human breast tissue PDEs toward M1 or M2 through the addition of interferon-γ (IFNγ) + lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or interleukin (IL)-4 + IL-13, respectively. Elevated expression levels of M(IFNγ + LPS) markers (HLADRA and CXCL10) or M(IL-4 + IL-13) markers (CD209 and CCL18) were observed in cytokine-treated tissues. We also examined the impact of the endocrine-disrupting chemical, benzophenone-3, on PDEs and measured significant, yet varying effects on macrophage polarization. Furthermore, a subset of the PDEs respond to IL-4 + IL-13 through downregulation of E-cadherin and upregulation of vimentin which is reminiscent of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) changes. Finally, we were able to show immortalized nonmalignant breast epithelial cells can exhibit EMT characteristics when exposed to growth factors secreted by M(IL-4 + IL-13) macrophages. Taken together, the PDE model system is an outstanding preclinical model to study early tissue-resident immune responses and effects on epithelial and stromal responses to stimuli found both endogenously in the breast and exogenously as a result of exposures.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.