ArticleCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2021
Improved survival in patients with thyroid function test abnormalities secondary to immune-checkpoint inhibitors.
Article in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety of immune checkpoint modulators beyond PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 in solid tumors: a meta-analysis.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2026Pooled it
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors-induced thyroid dysfunction improves the prognosis of patients with lung cancer: a meta-analysis and systematic review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Endocrine-related adverse conditions in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibition: an ESE clinical practice guideline.European journal of endocrinology · 2022Guideline
- Associations between immune-related thyroid dysfunction and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2022Pooled it
- Article
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Uveitis: Predictors and Survival Impact.Ophthalmology. Retina · 2026Article
- Non-thyroidal illness syndrome predicts poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with atezolizumab and bevacizumab.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- Baseline thyroid function and treatment-emergent thyroid dysfunction predict pathological response and survival after neoadjuvant PD-1 inhibitor plus platinum-based chemotherapy in locally advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma: a multicenter cohort study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Systematic monitoring identified a high incidence of hypopituitarism following combined ipilimumab plus nivolumab therapy for metastatic melanoma.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Toward Personalized Response Monitoring in Melanoma Patients Treated with Immunotherapy and Target Therapy.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors associated thyroiditis: mechanisms and clinical outcomes.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Review
- Changes in thyroid hormone levels indicate immunotherapy efficacy in gastric cancer.Oncology letters · 2025Article
- Thyroid dysfunction as a predictor of PD- 1/PD-L1 inhibitor efficacy in advanced lung cancer.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Case report: Diagnosis of impaired consciousness in a cancer patient using immune checkpoint inhibitors.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Risk Factors Predicting Outcomes in Advanced Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.Gastroenterology research · 2024Article
- Thyroid disorders induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors.Endocrine · 2024Review
- Frequency and characteristics of immune-related thyroid adverse events in patients with resected stage III/IV melanoma treated with adjuvant PD-1 inhibitors: a national cohort study.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2024Article
- Thyroid Dysfunction after Atezolizumab and Bevacizumab Is Associated with Favorable Outcomes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Liver cancer · 2024Article
- The Combined Effect of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors on Thyroid Function.Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association · 2024Article
- Immune-related thyroid dysfunction in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.Journal of thoracic disease · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are monoclonal antibodies which target molecules to enhance antitumor response. Several adverse events have been described and the major ICI-related endocrinopathies are thyroid dysfunction and hypophysitis. Its occurrence has been associated with improved outcomes, but it is still to be proven. We performed a retrospective study of patients treated with ICI between 2014 and 2019 at an oncologic center to characterize thyroid function test abnormalities (TFTA) and to evaluate clinical outcomes. We excluded patients without regular monitoring of thyroid function, with previous thyroid or pituitary disease, previous head/neck radiotherapy and who performed only one ICI cycle. We included 161 of 205 patients treated with pembrolizumab, nivolumab or ipilimumab for several neoplasms, with a median duration of 18.9 weeks (9.1-42.6) of ICI treatment and 49.4 weeks (26.5-75.8) of follow-up. New-onset TFTA was diagnosed in 18% of patients (n = 29), in median at 10.6 weeks (6.1-31.1) of ICI therapy. On the whole, 8.7% had primary hypothyroidism, 4.3% central hypothyroidism, 2.5% biphasic thyroiditis and 2.5% thyrotoxicosis. Patients who experienced primary or central thyroid dysfunction had a significantly improved overall response rate (58.6% vs 34.2%, p = 0.015) and overall survival (3.27 vs 1.76 years, p = 0.030), compared to the control group. The risk of mortality was two times higher for control group (adjusted HR = 2.43, 95% CI 1.13-5.23, p = 0.023). This study recognizes that primary and central thyroid dysfunction can be a predictive clinical biomarker of a better response to ICI across several neoplasms.
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