Observational studyJournal of orthopaedic surgery and research2020
Estimation and influence of blood loss under endoscope for percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD): a clinical observational study combined with in vitro experiment.
Observational study in Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Continuity of care in lumbar disc herniation: a systematic review and meta-analysis providing a deeper look into postoperative efficacy.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Delta large-channel endoscopy versus unilateral biportal endoscopy for cervicothoracic junction disc herniation: a prospective randomized controlled trial.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2026Trial
- Use of Fluid Gelatin in Lumbar Spinal Stenosis Undergoing Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic: A Prospective, Randomized Controlled Trial.Orthopaedic surgery · 2025Trial
- Effects of Fluid Gelatin for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis Undergoing Lumbar Endoscopic Bilateral Decompression: A Prospective, Randomized Controlled Trial.Orthopaedic surgery · 2025Trial
- Comparison of full-endoscopic and tubular-based microscopic decompression in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis: a randomized controlled trial.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2023Trial
- Comparative study of the learning curves for percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar lumbar discectomy and unilateral biportal endoscopy techniques.BMC surgery · 2025Article
- Article
- Associations of recurrent lumbar disc herniation after percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy with age, body mass index, modic change, disc degeneration and sacral slope: A quantitative review.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2024Article
- Radiographic characteristics-based classification system for percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy surgical approach selection in patients with L5-S1 disc herniation: a hierarchical clustering analysis.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe purpose of this study is to come up with new methods to quantitate the blood loss under endoscope and explore the influence of blood loss on percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD).
methodsClinical research and in vitro experiment are combined. In the in vitro experiment, 2.0-ml blood was diluted in different ratio to simulate the rinse solution of PELD, the hematocrit method (HCT-M) and red blood cell count method (RBC-M) were came up to estimate blood loss and the new methods were calibrated with the direct measurement method (Direct-M). In clinical research, 74 patients with L5/S1 disk herniation were treated with PELD, and HCT-M and the empirical method (EMP-M) were used to estimate the blood loss under endoscope. According to blood loss, all patients were divided into group A (≤ 10 ml) and group B (> 10 ml). The blood loss, operation time, fluoroscopy frequency, visual analog scale (VAS), and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores were compared between the two groups.
resultsIn the in vitro experiment, the hematocrit of the rinse solution was always stable over time. The estimated blood loss by HCT-M was stable and quite approximate to actual blood volume (2.0 ml) whatever the blood dilution ratio, while according to RBC-M, the estimated blood loss was close to the actual blood volume only when the dilution ratio was greater than 300 times. In clinical research, the blood loss estimated by HCT-M was higher than that by EMP-M in both groups (P < 0.05). There was a significant difference between group A and group B in blood loss (7.40 ± 1.61 vs 19.91 ± 10.94 ml), operation time (80.51 ± 34.70 vs 136.51 ± 41.88 min), and fluoroscopy frequency (6.92 ± 1.52 vs 11.11 ± 2.32 times) (P < 0.05). The VAS and ODI scores in group B were higher than that in group A 1 week after operation (P < 0.05); however, the scores were not different between the two groups at pre-operation (P > 0.05).
conclusionHCT-M is a reliable method to estimate endoscopic blood loss in PELD. The amount of endoscopic blood loss affects the operative procedure in operation time and fluoroscopy frequency, as well as clinical effects in VAS and ODI scores after operation in short term.
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