ArticleEnvironmental health and preventive medicine2020
Association between surgical procedures under general anesthesia in infancy and developmental outcomes at 1 year: the Japan Environment and Children's Study.
Article in Environmental health and preventive medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dexmedetomidine Mitigates Sevoflurane-Induced Neurodevelopmental Effects in Paediatric Anaesthesia: A Meta-Analysis and Preclinical Study.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Pharmacological Postoperative Pain Management for Paediatric Dental Extractions Under General Anaesthesia: A Systematic Review.Pain research & management · 2025Pooled it
- Anesthetic Exposure During Childhood and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA network open · 2022Pooled it
- General anesthesia in children and long-term neurodevelopmental deficits: A systematic review.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Intra-operative application of ultra-high frequency ultrasound facilitates differentiation of bowel wall characteristics between ganglionic and aganglionic segments during transanal endorectal pull-through for Hirschsprung disease.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- From neurotoxicity to neuroprotection: Rethinking GABACell biology and toxicology · 2025Review
- Reply to the letter by Obara S.Journal of anesthesia · 2025Article
- The Relationship between Early Exposure to General Anesthesia and Neurobehavioral Deficits.Developmental neuroscience · 2025Review
- Risk of neurodevelopmental impairment in Swedish preterm children treated for necrotizing enterocolitis: retrospective cohort study.BJS open · 2024Article
- Association between general anesthesia in early childhood and neurodevelopment up to 4 years of age: the Japan Environment and Children's Study.Journal of anesthesia · 2024Article
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Activated Neuronal and Microglial Autophagy Contributes to Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Neonatal rats.Neurochemical research · 2023Article
- Review
- Neuroplacentology in congenital heart disease: placental connections to neurodevelopmental outcomes.Pediatric research · 2022Review
- Association of epidural analgesia during labor with neurodevelopment of children during the first three years: the Japan Environment and Children's Study.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2022Article
- Identification of Prefrontal Cortex and Amygdala Expressed Genes Associated With Sevoflurane Anesthesia on Non-human Primate.Frontiers in integrative neuroscience · 2022Article
- A National Population Cohort Study Showed That Exposure to General Anesthesia in Early Childhood Is Associated with an Increase in the Risk of Developmental Delay.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
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7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe neurotoxicity of general anesthesia to the developing human brains is controversial. We assessed the associations between surgery under general anesthesia in infancy and development at age 1 year using the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS), a large-scale birth cohort study.
methodsIn the JECS, 103,062 pregnancies and 104,065 fetuses were enrolled between January 2011 and March 2014. Of the 100,144 registered live births, we excluded preterm or post-term infants, multiple births, and infants with chromosomal anomalies and/or anomalies of the head or brain. Data on surgical procedures under general anesthesia in infancy were collected from self-administered questionnaires by parents at the 1-year follow-up. Developmental delay at age 1 year was assessed using the Japanese translation of the Ages and Stages Questionnaires, Third Edition (J-ASQ-3), comprising five developmental domains.
resultsAmong the 64,141 infants included, 746 infants had surgery under general anesthesia once, 90 twice, and 71 three or more times. The percentage of developmental delay in the five domains of the J-ASQ-3 significantly increased with the number of surgical procedures. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the risk of developmental delays in all five domains was significantly increased in infants who had surgery under general anesthesia three times or more (adjusted odds ratios: for communication domain 3.32; gross motor domain 4.69; fine motor domain 2.99; problem solving domain 2.47; personal-social domain 2.55).
conclusionsSurgery under general anesthesia in infancy was associated with an increased likelihood of developmental delay in all five domains of the J-ASQ-3, especially the gross motor domain at age 1 year. The neurodevelopment with the growth should be further evaluated among the children who had surgery under general anesthesia.
trial registrationUMIN Clinical Trials Registry (number: UMIN000030786 ).
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