ArticleBrain imaging and behavior2021
Understanding psychophysiological interaction and its relations to beta series correlation.
Article in Brain imaging and behavior, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed.
- Non-invasive stimulation of the human striatum disrupts reinforcement learning of motor skills.Nature human behaviour · 2024Trial
- Frontoparietal Hub Connectivity Integrates Information from Multiple Sources.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Article
- Estimating trial-wise modulation of functional connectivity using event-related fMRI.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The Human Cerebellum Encodes Temporally Sensitive Reinforcement Learning Signals.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Article
- Frontoparietal Hub Connectivity Integrates Information from Multiple Sources.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The human cerebellum encodes temporally sensitive reinforcement learning signals.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Effects of Tasks on Functional Brain Connectivity Derived from Interindividual Correlations: Insights from Regional Homogeneity of Functional MRI Data.Brain connectivity · 2025Article
- Effects of Tasks on Functional Brain Connectivity Derived from Inter-Individual Correlations: Insights from Regional Homogeneity of Functional MRI Data.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- [Illness duration-related developmental trajectory of progressive cerebral gray matter changes in schizophrenia].Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi · 2025Article
- Cross-modal functional plasticity after cochlear implantation.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2025Article
- Unveiling the neural dynamics of the theory of mind: a fMRI study on belief processing phases.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · 2024Article
- Opportunities and challenges in connectivity analysis for task-based fMRI comment on "connectivity analyses for task-based fMRI" by Huang S, De Brigard, F., Cabeza, R, and Davis, S.W.Physics of life reviews · 2024Article
- Comparison of whole-brain task-modulated functional connectivity methods for fMRI task connectomics.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Comparison of whole-brain task-modulated functional connectivity methods for fMRI task connectomics.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Article
- Connectivity analyses for task-based fMRI.Physics of life reviews · 2024Review
- Exploring the dynamics of prefrontal cortex in the interaction between orienteering experience and cognitive performance by fNIRS.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- A robust brain network for sustained attention from adolescence to adulthood that predicts later substance use.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Individual differences in the neural architecture in semantic processing.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Similarity in evoked responses does not imply similarity in macroscopic network states.Network neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2024Article
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3 authors.
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Abstract
Psychophysiological interaction (PPI) was proposed 20 years ago for study of task modulated connectivity on functional MRI (fMRI) data. A few modifications have since been made, but there remain misunderstandings on the method, as well as on its relations to a similar method named beta series correlation (BSC). Here, we explain what PPI measures and its relations to BSC. We first clarify that the interpretation of a regressor in a general linear model depends on not only itself but also on how other effects are modeled. In terms of PPI, it always reflects differences in connectivity between conditions, when the physiological variable is included as a covariate. Secondly, when there are multiple conditions, we explain how PPI models calculated from direct contrast between conditions could generate identical results as contrasting separate PPIs of each condition (a.k.a. "generalized" PPI). Thirdly, we explicit the deconvolution process that is used for PPI calculation, and how is it related to the trial-by-trial modeling for BSC, and illustrate the relations between PPI and those based upon BSC. In particular, when context sensitive changes in effective connectivity are present, they manifest as changes in correlations of observed trial-by-trial activations or functional connectivity. Therefore, BSC and PPI can detect similar connectivity differences. Lastly, we report empirical analyses using PPI and BSC on fMRI data of an event-related stop signal task to illustrate our points.
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