ArticleInfectious diseases and therapy2020
Long-Term Persistence of Antibody Response with Two Doses of Inactivated Hepatitis A Vaccine in Children.
Article in Infectious diseases and therapy, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 5 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 5 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Double-blind, Randomized Study to Evaluate the Immunogenicity and Reactogenicity of Three Different Lots of GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals' Inactivated Hepatitis A Vaccine Containing 1440 EL.U of Antigen Per mL and Injected According to a 0, 6 Month Schedule in Healthy Adult Subjects
Double-blind Randomized Study to Evaluate the Immunogenicity and Reactogenicity of Two Different Lots of GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals' Inactivated Hepatitis A Vaccine Containing 1440 EL.U of Antigen Per mL and Injected According to a 0, 12 Month Schedule in Healthy Adult Volunteers
An Open Multicentre, Multicountry Study to Evaluate Long-term Antibody Persistence and Immune Memory Between Years 11 and 15 After the Primary Study HAB-084 in Which Healthy Adolescents Were Vaccinated With Twinrix™ Adult Following a Two-dose Schedule or Twinrix™ Junior Following a Three-dose Schedule.
An Open Single Centre Study to Evaluate the Long-term Antibody Persistence and Immune Memory Between 16 and 20 Years After the Primary Study HAB-028 (208127/021) in Which Healthy Adults Were Vaccinated With Twinrix Adult Following a Three-dose Schedule.
An Open Single Centre Study to Evaluate the Long-term Antibody Persistence and Immune Memory Between 16 and 20 Years After the Primary Study HAB-032 (208127/022) in Which Healthy Adults Were Vaccinated With Twinrix Adult Following a Three-dose Schedule.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Immunogenicity and safety of inactivated TZ84- vs. HM175-based hepatitis A vaccines in pediatric populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Pooled it
- Examining the changes in the prevalence of Hepatitis a in Türkiye: systematic review and metaanalysis.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Long-Term Antibody Persistence After Hepatitis A Vaccination in Healthy Toddlers: Insights from Modeling.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Article
- Hepatitis Vaccines: Recent Advances and Challenges.Vaccines · 2025Review
- A Modern Perspective on Vaccinating Healthcare Service Providers in India: A Narrative Review.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionHepatitis A virus infection is more severe in adults than children. Although vaccination can protect adults, current childhood programs cover a large population more successfully. Childhood vaccination is, therefore, a solution to protecting adults if it induces lasting immunity. Fifteen-year protection has been demonstrated in children, but longer-term data are only available for adults. We aimed to predict long term persistence of antibody in children beyond 15 years and assess if immunological mechanisms triggered by vaccination support longer-term protection.
methodsLong-term clinical studies using hepatitis A (HAV) or A/B vaccines (HAB) containing 720 or 1440 Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Units (EU) of hepatitis A virus antigen were identified. Duration of persistence of antibodies and possible protection was determined by descriptively comparing antibody geometric mean concentration (GMC) kinetics, as well as GMC (95% confidence interval) at 15 years post-vaccination across studies. Immunological mechanism studies describing hepatitis A vaccination were identified.
resultsOne study in children 12-15 years (2-dose HAB 720) and four in adults (2-dose HAV 1440 and 3-dose HAB 720) showed comparable GMC kinetics and per year rates of change up to 15 years. At 15 years, the GMC in children [414.7 mEU/ml (336.9; 510.5)] was in the same range as in adults [range 282.6 (217.6; 367.0) to 550.1 (416.0; 727.4)]. Based on these data, mathematical model predictions from adult studies (showing > 85% protected at 50 years) were deemed likely to also apply to children. Studies identified, both humoral and cell-mediated responses are induced following vaccination.
conclusionBased on comparable antibody data in adults and children up to 15 years, similar longer-term antibody persistence is expected in children with 2-dose inactivated hepatitis A 720 containing vaccine at least up to 50 years. Accordingly, improving routine childhood hepatitis A vaccination coverage could protect against more severe disease in adulthood. Fig. 1 Plain language summary
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov identifiers, NCT00875485, NCT01000324, NCT01037114, NCT00289757, NCT00291876.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.