ReviewNature reviews. Clinical oncology2021
TGFβ biology in cancer progression and immunotherapy.
Review in Nature reviews. Clinical oncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 606 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
606 citing papers in PubMed, 866 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biomarker Analysis from Patients with Metastatic PDAC Treated with TGFβ Antibody NIS793 plus Abraxane + Gemcitabine versus Abraxane + Gemcitabine Alone in a Phase II, Open-Label, Randomized Study.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Trial
- Neoadjuvant retlirafusp alfa (anti-PD-L1/TGF-β bifunctional fusion protein) with or without chemotherapy in unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer: updated results from the phase 2 TRAILBLAZER trial.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Trial
- Pan-immune-inflammation value predicts survival of patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma receiving immunotherapy and chemoradiotherapy: a pooled analysis of two phase II trials.Annals of medicine · 2025Trial
- Single-cell sequencing profiling of intratumoral heterogeneity and immunosuppressive microenvironment in primary thyroid cancer and lymph node metastases.Oncoimmunology · 2026Article
- Identification and biological evaluation of benzimidazole-based compounds as novel TGFβR1 inhibitors.Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Pan-cancer prognostic value of TGFBR1: Bioinformatics and experimental validation with a focus on gastric cancer.Oncology letters · 2026Article
- Key regulatory elements of the TGFβ-LRRC15 axis predict disease progression and immunotherapy resistance across cancer types.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Phytochemicals modulating TGF-β signaling in radiation-induced fibrosis.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Spatiotemporal lineage tracing reveals the dynamic spatial architecture of tumor growth and metastasis.Nature genetics · 2026Article
- A bioinformatics analysis of KIF transcriptomic subtyping reveals prognostic heterogeneity and differential therapeutic responses in cervical cancer.Oncology letters · 2026Article
- Engineering the next generation of cellular therapies for solid tumors: multi-specific armored CARs and TME reprogramming strategies.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- Metabolic control of smooth muscle cell phenotype switching in atherosclerosis.Science advances · 2026Article
- Targeting the JAK/STAT signalling axis in cancer: chemopreventive potential of natural compounds with emerging focus on retinoids.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- CPS1 promotes colorectal cancer progression by inducing EMT and activating TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.iScience · 2026Article
- Translational insights and clinical challenges of targeting cancer stem cells.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- MPND Loss Epigenetically Activates TGFβ/SMAD3 Signaling to Drive Tumor Progression and Metastasis in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.Cancer research · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal heterogeneity in non-small cell lung cancer: A paradigm shift from characterization to dynamic management (Review).Oncology letters · 2026Review
- Immunostimulatory lipogel implant enhances cancer immunotherapy.Nature nanotechnology · 2026Article
- Oxidative DNA Damage Is Associated with Immune Remodeling and Therapeutic Response in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer.Cancers · 2026Article
- Platelets as localized conduits of TGF-β1 in the tumor microenvironment: implications for cancer progression and therapy.Human cell · 2026Review
546 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
TGFβ signalling has key roles in cancer progression: most carcinoma cells have inactivated their epithelial antiproliferative response and benefit from increased TGFβ expression and autocrine TGFβ signalling through effects on gene expression, release of immunosuppressive cytokines and epithelial plasticity. As a result, TGFβ enables cancer cell invasion and dissemination, stem cell properties and therapeutic resistance. TGFβ released by cancer cells, stromal fibroblasts and other cells in the tumour microenvironment further promotes cancer progression by shaping the architecture of the tumour and by suppressing the antitumour activities of immune cells, thus generating an immunosuppressive environment that prevents or attenuates the efficacy of anticancer immunotherapies. The repression of TGFβ signalling is therefore considered a prerequisite and major avenue to enhance the efficacy of current and forthcoming immunotherapies, including in tumours comprising cancer cells that are not TGFβ responsive. Herein, we introduce the mechanisms underlying TGFβ signalling in tumours and their microenvironment and discuss approaches to inhibit these signalling mechanisms as well as the use of these approaches in cancer immunotherapies and their potential adverse effects.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.