ReviewBiological psychiatry2021
Brain Mechanisms Supporting Flexible Cognition and Behavior in Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Review in Biological psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 110 citations in OpenAlex.
- A bibliometric analysis of neuroimaging studies on cognitive control in autism spectrum disorder (2000-2025).Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Distinct features of EEG microstates in autism spectrum disorder revealed by meta-analysis: the contribution of individual age to heterogeneity across studies.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Examining the relationship between cognitive inflexibility and internalizing and externalizing symptoms in autistic children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2022Pooled it
- Neural substrates underlying effortful control deficit in autism spectrum disorder: a meta-analysis of fMRI studies.Scientific reports · 2022Pooled it
- Accelerated intermittent theta burst stimulation targeting personalized fronto-parietal control network improves core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Trial
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation regulates brain functional network dynamics in stroke patients: a randomised controlled trial.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Trial
- Acceptance and commitment therapy for autistic adults: A randomized controlled pilot study in a psychiatric outpatient setting.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2023Trial
- Task-specific theta enhancement and domain-general alpha/beta suppression as oscillatory signatures of cognitive flexibility.Communications psychology · 2026Article
- Dynamic functional connectivity in borderline personality disorder: associations with trauma, emotion regulation and symptom severity.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal brain-state dynamics delineate executive function subtypes in school-aged autism: evidence from co-activation patterns and a four-year follow-up.Molecular autism · 2026Article
- Autism spectrum disorder across the lifespan: Dynamic symptom trajectories and multidimensional support framework.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- The Network Model of Mentalization, Social Vulnerability, and the Self in Autism: A Comparison With Neurotypical Adults.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2026Article
- Combined Inhibition of TRPM4/NMDA Receptor Complex and Extrasynaptic NMDA Receptors Is Candidate Therapeutic Target for Suppression of Epileptic Seizures and Improvement of Cognitive Impairments.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2026Article
- Does neurodevelopmental load predict cognitive flexibility?Schizophrenia research. Cognition · 2026Article
- Exploring Neurofunctional Phase Transition Patterns in Autism Spectrum Disorder via Thermodynamics Parameters.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Overlapping and distinct intrinsic connectivity of hippocampal and triple networks in autistic individuals with and without a comorbid condition of ADHD.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Barriers to and facilitation of long-term physical exercise participation among Chinese adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: a parental perspective.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Subtyping Autism Spectrum Disorder With a Population Graph-Based Dual Autoencoder: Revealing Two Distinct Biotypes.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Article
- Sex Similarities and Differences in Brain Dynamic Functional Connectivity Among Individuals With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorders.Human brain mapping · 2025Article
- Age-related differences in axon pruning and myelination may alter neural signaling in autism spectrum disorder.Molecular autism · 2025Article
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cognitive flexibility enables appropriate responses to a changing environment and is associated with positive life outcomes. Adolescence, with its increased focus on transitioning to independent living, presents particular challenges for youths with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who often struggle to behave in a flexible way when faced with challenges. This review focuses on brain mechanisms underlying the development of flexible cognition during adolescence and how these neural systems are affected in ASD. Neuroimaging studies of task switching and set-shifting provide evidence for atypical lateral frontoparietal and midcingulo-insular network activation during cognitive flexibility task performance in individuals with ASD. Recent work also examines how intrinsic brain network dynamics support flexible cognition. These dynamic functional connectivity studies provide evidence for alterations in the number of transitions between brain states, as well as hypervariability of functional connections in adolescents with ASD. Future directions for the field include addressing issues related to measurement of cognitive flexibility using a combination of metrics with ecological and construct validity. Heterogeneity of executive function ability in ASD must also be parsed to determine which individuals will benefit most from targeted training to improve flexibility. The influence of pubertal hormones on brain network development and cognitive maturation in adolescents with ASD is another area requiring further exploration. Finally, the intriguing possibility that bilingualism might be associated with preserved cognitive flexibility in ASD should be further examined. Addressing these open questions will be critical for future translational neuroscience investigations of cognitive and behavioral flexibility in adolescents with ASD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.