ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2020
Exclusion Zone Phenomena in Water-A Critical Review of Experimental Findings and Theories.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- The effects of myofascial release technique in patients with partial rotator cuff tear : A single-blind randomized controlled trial.Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2026Article
- Computational perspectives on tubulin E-hook structure and mechanisms.Biophysical reports · 2026Review
- Beyond representations: from active inference to active interference.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
- Electromagnetic Field Stimulation Effects on Intrinsically Disordered Proteins and Their Role in Aging and Neurodegeneration.Journal of biomedical science and engineering · 2025Article
- The Brain as a Black Body in a Black Box.The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS · 2025Article
- Taurine prevents mitochondrial dysfunction and protects mitochondria from reactive oxygen species and deuterium toxicity.Amino acids · 2025Review
- Hypothesis: bacteria live on the edge of phase transitions with a cell cycle regulated by a water-clock.Theory in biosciences = Theorie in den Biowissenschaften · 2024Article
- Effects of Low-Frequency Randomly Polarized Electromagnetic Radiation, as Revealed upon Swelling of Polymer Membrane in Water with Different Isotopic Compositions.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Nafion Swelling in Salt Solutions in a Finite Sized Cell: Curious Phenomena Dependent on Sample Preparation Protocol.Polymers · 2022Article
- Article
- Computational Investigation of the Ordered Water System Around Microtubules: Implications for Protein Interactions.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2022Article
- Near-Infrared Photobiomodulation of Living Cells, Tubulin, and MicrotubulesFrontiers in medical technology · 2022Article
- The Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics (PCCP) Section of theInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Article
- Structured water: effects on animals.Journal of animal science · 2021Review
- Formation of Water-Free Cavity in the Process of Nafion Swelling in a Cell of Limited Volume; Effect of Polymer Fibers Unwinding.Polymers · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The existence of the exclusion zone (EZ), a layer of water in which plastic microspheres are repelled from hydrophilic surfaces, has now been independently demonstrated by several groups. A better understanding of the mechanisms which generate EZs would help with understanding the possible importance of EZs in biology and in engineering applications such as filtration and microfluidics. Here we review the experimental evidence for EZ phenomena in water and the major theories that have been proposed. We review experimental results from birefringence, neutron radiography, nuclear magnetic resonance, and other studies. Pollack theorizes that water in the EZ exists has a different structure than bulk water, and that this accounts for the EZ. We present several alternative explanations for EZs and argue that Schurr's theory based on diffusiophoresis presents a compelling alternative explanation for the core EZ phenomenon. Among other things, Schurr's theory makes predictions about the growth of the EZ with time which have been confirmed by Florea et al. and others. We also touch on several possible confounding factors that make experimentation on EZs difficult, such as charged surface groups, dissolved solutes, and adsorbed nanobubbles.
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