ReviewAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2020
Behavioral Diversity as a Potential Indicator of Positive Animal Welfare.
Review in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 71 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed.
- Behavioural Welfare Implications of Human Handling Practices in Zoo Snakes.Veterinary medicine and science · 2026Article
- Freedom of choice supports social complexity in chimpanzees.iScience · 2026Article
- Automated Activity Tracking and Space Use Monitoring of Captive Jaguars with Machine Learning.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Effects of Aquatic Plants on Water Quality, Microbial Community, and Fish Behaviors in Newly Established Betta Aquaria.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Activity Budget and Behavioral Patterns of Himalayan Musk Deer in Gaurishankar Conservation Area, Nepal.Ecology and evolution · 2026Article
- Advancing evidence-informed practice in modern zoos: research priorities for animal welfare, conservation, and social legitimacy.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Review
- Enclosures with flexible structures stimulate species-typical locomotion, but not locomotion quantity, in zoo-housed Bornean orangutans (Animal welfare (South Mimms, England) · 2026Article
- The Effects of Light on Vertebrate Welfare: A Review.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Review
- Animal-Visitor Interactions in Zoos and Aquariums: A Systematic Review.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Review
- Developing an Ostrich Welfare Assessment Protocol (OWAP) in Intensive and Semi-Intensive Systems.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Investigating Stress and Coping Behaviors in African Green Monkeys (Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Refining animal care through technology: Addressing alopecia in Jaculus jaculus with validated computer vision analysis.PloS one · 2025Article
- Laying the groundwork for reptile welfare assessment in zoos and private keeping: A literature-based proposal.Animal welfare (South Mimms, England) · 2025Review
- An update on captive cetacean welfare.PeerJ · 2025Review
- Captive-raised western ringtail possum (Pseudocheirus occidentalis) with a bold personality have higher survival rates when released into the wild.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Positive effect of a diggable substrate on the behaviour of a captive naked mole rat colony.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Training the Concept of Innovate in Dolphins (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Finding biomarkers of experience in animals.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2024Review
- Life in a fishbowl: Space and environmental enrichment affect behaviour ofAnimal welfare (South Mimms, England) · 2024Article
- The construction of a measure of behavioural complexity as a potential individual-based welfare indicator and its theoretical validation.Animal welfare (South Mimms, England) · 2024Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Modern day zoos and aquariums continuously assess the welfare of their animals and use evidence to make informed management decisions. Historically, many of the indicators of animal welfare used to assess the collection are negative indicators of welfare, such as stereotypic behavior. However, a lack of negative indicators of animal welfare does not demonstrate that an individual animal is thriving. There is a need for validated measures of positive animal welfare and there is a growing body of evidence that supports the use of behavioral diversity as a positive indicator of welfare. This includes an inverse relationship with stereotypic behavior as well as fecal glucocorticoid metabolites and is typically higher in situations thought to promote positive welfare. This review article highlights previous research on behavioral diversity as a potential positive indicator of welfare. Details are provided on how to calculate behavioral diversity and how to use it when evaluating animal welfare. Finally, the review will indicate how behavioral diversity can be used to inform an evidence-based management approach to animal care and welfare.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.