ArticlePloS one2020
Prevalence and correlates of active syphilis and HIV co-Infection among sexually active persons aged 15-59 years in Zambia: Results from the Zambia Population-based HIV Impact Assessment (ZAMPHIA) 2016.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Under-Reporting of Known HIV-Positive Status Among People Living with HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.AIDS and behavior · 2021Pooled it
- Article
- The Association Between Syphilis Infection and HIV Acquisition and HIV Disease Progression in Sub-Saharan Africa.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- Integrated HIV and STIs response: Trends in syphilis incidence and uptake of oral pre-exposure prophylaxis in Zambia.Journal of public health in Africa · 2025Article
- Awareness and willingness to use pre-exposure prophylaxis among the University of Zambia students: A cross-sectional study.Health science reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Sero-prevalence of syphilis and associated risk factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care at an urban-poor health centre in Kampala, Uganda: a cross-sectional study.The Pan African medical journal · 2024Article
- Geospatial patterns of progress towards UNAIDS '95-95-95' targets and community vulnerability in Zambia: insights from population-based HIV impact assessments.BMJ global health · 2023Article
- Geospatial Patterns of Progress towards UNAIDS "95-95-95" Targets and Community Vulnerability in Zambia.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
- Spatiotemporal dynamics of syphilis in pregnant women and congenital syphilis in the state of São Paulo, Brazil.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Article
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Abstract
objectivesThe main objectives of the study are to estimate HIV prevalence, active syphilis prevalence, and correlates of co-infection with HIV in Zambia, among recently sexually active individuals aged 15 to 59 years old.
methodsWe used data from the 2016 Zambia Population-based HIV Impact Assessment (ZAMPHIA), a national household survey that included biomarker testing for HIV and syphilis. Chembio DPP® Syphilis Screen and Confirm Assay was used to distinguish between active and older syphilis infections. This is the first time Chembio DPP® has been used in a national survey. Log-binominal modelling was utilized to understand the risk of acquiring HIV/active syphilis co-infection using select socio-demographic and sexual behavior variables. Multivariable analysis compared those with co-infection and those with no infection. All reported results account for the complex survey design and are weighted.
resultsA total of 19,114 individuals aged 15-59 years responded to the individual interview and had a valid syphilis and/or HIV test. The prevalence for those sexually active in the 12 months preceding ZAMPHIA 2016 was 3.5% and 13% for active syphilis and HIV, respectively. The prevalence of HIV/active syphilis co-infection was 1.5%. Factors associated with higher prevalence of co-infection versus no infection among females included, but were not limited to, those living in urban areas (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) = 3.0, 95% CI = 1.8, 4.8), those had sexual intercourse before age 15 years (aPR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.1, 2.9), and those who had two or more sexual partners in the 12 months preceding the survey (aPR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.6, 4.7).
conclusionThese findings show high prevalence for both mono-infection with HIV and syphilis, as well as co-infection with HIV/active syphilis in Zambia. There is a need for better screening and partner services, particularly among those engaging in high-risk sexual behaviors (e.g., engaging in transactional sex).
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