ArticleJournal of medical Internet research2020
Combination of 3-Dimensional Virtual Reality and Hands-On Aromatherapy in Improving Institutionalized Older Adults' Psychological Health: Quasi-Experimental Study.
Article in Journal of medical Internet research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04324216 (Effectiveness of a Combination of Three-dimensional Virtual Reality and Hands-on Aromatherapy in Improving Institutionalized Older Adults' Psychological Health), which is not on this map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effectiveness of a Combination of Three-dimensional Virtual Reality and Hands-on Aromatherapy in Improving Institutionalized Older Adults' Psychological Health
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effects of virtual reality technology on negative emotions in the elderly: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Pooled it
- Effectiveness of horticultural therapy in aged people with depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Immersive virtual reality as an auxiliary intervention for college students with mild-to-moderate depressive symptoms: a pilot randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Trial
- The effects of a combination of 3D virtual reality and hands-on horticultural activities on mastery, achievement motives, self-esteem, isolation and depression: a quasi-experimental study.BMC geriatrics · 2022Trial
- Examining the Effectiveness of 3D Virtual Reality Training on Problem-solving, Self-efficacy, and Teamwork Among Inexperienced Volunteers Helping With Drug Use Prevention: Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2021Trial
- Explore the extended impacts on psychological well-being in older adults through application of virtual reality technology: An integrative review.International journal of nursing studies advances · 2025Article
- Mechanisms of Virtual Reality-Based Relaxation in Older Adults: A Scoping Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- The use and impact of virtual reality programs supported by aromatherapy for older adults: A scoping review protocol.PloS one · 2025Article
- Virtual Reality Mental Health Interventions in Geriatric Care for Functional or Well-being Enhancement - A Scoping Review.Die Rehabilitation · 2024Article
- Review
- Impact of Virtual Reality-Based Group Activities on Activity Level and Well-Being Among Older Adults in Nursing Homes: Longitudinal Exploratory Study.JMIR serious games · 2024Article
- Article
- Psychological Effects of Aromatherapy on Smokers With Depressive Tendencies During Smoking Cessation Treatment: Protocol for a Pre-Post Single-Arm Clinical Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2022Article
- Application of Virtual Reality Technology in Clinical Practice, Teaching, and Research in Complementary and Alternative Medicine.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2022Review
- Effects of a Combination of Three-Dimensional Virtual Reality and Hands-on Horticultural Therapy on Institutionalized Older Adults' Physical and Mental Health: Quasi-Experimental Design.Journal of medical Internet research · 2020Article
- Outcomes of Visual Self-Expression in Virtual Reality on Psychosocial Well-Being With the Inclusion of a Fragrance Stimulus: A Pilot Mixed-Methods Study.Frontiers in psychology · 2020Article
- Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn Taiwan, which has one of the most rapidly aging populations in the world, it is becoming increasingly critical to promote successful aging strategies that are effective, easily usable, and acceptable to institutionalized older adults. Although many practitioners and professionals have explored aromatherapy and identified its psychological benefits, the effectiveness of combining 3-dimensional (3D) virtual reality and hands-on aromatherapy remains unknown.
objectiveA quasi-experimental trial was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of this combination in lowering perceived stress and promoting happiness, sleep quality, meditation experience, and life satisfaction among institutionalized older adults in Taiwan.
methodsA total of 60 institutionalized elderly participants either received the combined intervention or were in a control group. Weekly 2-hour sessions were implemented over 9 weeks. The outcome variables were happiness, perceived stress, sleep quality, meditation experience, and life satisfaction, which were assessed at baseline and after the intervention.
resultsGeneralized estimating equation (GEE) analyses indicated that the experimental group showed significant post-intervention improvements in terms of scores for happiness, perceived stress, sleep quality, meditation experience, and life satisfaction (n=48; all P<.001). Another GEE analysis showed that the significant improvements in the 5 outcome variables persisted in participants aged 80 years and older (n=35; all P<.001).
conclusionsThis is the first trial to explore the effectiveness of a combination of 3D virtual reality and hands-on aromatherapy in improving older adults' psychological health. The results are promising for the promotion of psychological health in institutionalized older adults.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT04324216; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04324216.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.