ArticleTransboundary and emerging diseases2021
An evaluation of additives for mitigating the risk of virus-contaminated feed using an ice-block challenge model.
Article in Transboundary and emerging diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- In Vitro and In Vivo Antiviral Activity of a Modified Medium-Chain Fatty Acid Against Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Fomite Persistence of the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus is Affected by Relative Humidity and Storage Temperature.Food and environmental virology · 2025Article
- Mitigation Strategies for African Swine Fever Virus Biosecurity: From Virus Inactivation to Pig Health.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2025Review
- A Review of Swine Breeding Herd Biosecurity in the United States to Prevent Virus Entry Using Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus as a Model Pathogen.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Review
- Evaluation of Extended Storage of Swine Complete Feed for Inactivation of Viral Contamination and Effect on Nutritional, Microbiological, and Toxicological Profiles.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Postepidemic Epidemiology of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus in the United States.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2024Article
- Evaluation of formaldehyde when complete feed and soybean meal were inoculated with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, and Seneca Valley virus 1.Translational animal science · 2024Article
- Isolation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus from feed ingredients and complete feed, with subsequent RT-qPCR analysis.Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc · 2023Article
- Biosecurity and Mitigation Strategies to Control Swine Viruses in Feed Ingredients and Complete Feeds.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Review
- The Evolution and Global Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Senecavirus A.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Evaluating the effect of temperature on viral survival in plant-based feed during storage.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2022Article
- Modelling and assessing additional transmission routes for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus: Vehicle movements and feed ingredients.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2022Article
- Invited review: strategic adoption of antibiotic-free pork production: the importance of a holistic approach.Translational animal science · 2022Review
- An assessment of enhanced biosecurity interventions and their impact on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus outbreaks within a managed group of farrow-to-wean farms, 2020-2021.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Article
- Monoglyceride reduces viability of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus in feed and prevents disease transmission to post-weaned piglets.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2022Article
- Survival of swine pathogens in compost formed from preprocessed carcasses.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2021Article
- The Addition of Nature Identical Flavorings Accelerated the Virucidal Effect of Pure Benzoic Acid against African Swine Fever Viral Contamination of Complete Feed.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Article
- Risk and Mitigation of African Swine Fever Virus in Feed.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Review
- An evaluation of additives for mitigating the risk of virus-contaminated feed using an ice-block challenge model.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The role of animal feed as a vehicle for the transport and transmission of viral diseases was first identified during the porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) epidemic in North America. Since that time, various feed additives have been evaluated at the laboratory level to measure their effect on viral viability and infectivity in contaminated feed using bioassay piglet models. While a valid first step, the conditions of these studies were not representative of commercial swine production. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of feed additives to mitigate the risk of virus-contaminated feed using a model based on real-world conditions. This new model used an 'ice-block' challenge, containing equal concentrations of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), Senecavirus A (SVA) and PEDV, larger populations of pigs, representative commercial facilities and environments, along with realistic volumes of complete feed supplemented with selected additives. Following supplementation, the ice block was manually dropped into designated feed bins and pigs consumed feed by natural feeding behaviour. After challenge, samples were collected at the pen level (feed troughs, oral fluids) and at the animal level (clinical signs, viral infection, growth rate, and mortality) across five independent experiments involving 15 additives. In 14 of the additives tested, pigs on supplemented diets had significantly greater average daily gain (ADG), significantly lower clinical signs and infection levels, and numerically lower mortality rates compared to non-supplemented controls. In conclusion, the majority of the additives evaluated mitigated the effects of PRRSV 174, PEDV and SVA in contaminated feed, resulting in improved health and performance.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.