ArticlePediatric obesity2020
Impact of early rapid weight gain on odds for overweight at one year differs between breastfed and formula-fed infants.
Article in Pediatric obesity, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association Between Diet Patterns of Human Infants and Growth Differs Across Randomized Formula Groups in the First 18.5 Months.The Journal of nutrition · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Association between parenting styles and weight-for-length z scores among infants and toddlers aged 0-36 months in China: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Breastfeeding Shapes the Gut Microbiota and Its Structure Is Associated with Weight Gain Trajectories in Mexican Infants.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Full title: prevalence and risk factors of overweight in Beijing infants basing generalized estimating equation: a longitudinal study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Breastfeeding, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Size at Birth and Overweight/Obesity in Early Childhood.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Metabolic maturation in the infant urine during the first 3 months of life.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- African American mothers' perceptions of infant body size are prospectively associated with infant growth and BMI.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2023Article
- Association of Maternal BMI and Rapid Infant Weight Gain With Childhood Body Size and Composition.Pediatrics · 2023Article
- The care of infants with rapid weight gain: Should we be doing more?Journal of paediatrics and child health · 2022Article
- Article
- Acceptance of a Nordic, Protein-Reduced Diet for Young Children during Complementary Feeding-A Randomized Controlled Trial.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Innovations in Infant Feeding: Future Challenges and Opportunities in Obesity and Cardiometabolic Disease.Nutrients · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEarly rapid weight gain (RWG) increases, whereas longer durations of breastfeeding decreases, odds for later obesity.
objectivesTo determine the independent and interactive effects of early weight gain and diet on infant weight status trajectories and odds for overweight at 1 year.
methodsWe conducted secondary analysis on data from two longitudinal trials with repeated anthropometric measures. One trial consisted of predominantly or exclusively breastfed (BF, n = 97) infants, whereas the other consisted of exclusively formula-fed (FF, n = 113) infants. Weight-for-length z-score (WLZ) change from 0.5 to 4.5 months was used to categorize early weight gain as slow (<-0.67; SWG), normal (-0.67 to 0.67; NWG) or rapid (>0.67; RWG). Linear-mixed effects models were fit to examine the independent effects and interaction of early diet (BF, FF) and weight gain (SWG, NWG, RWG) groups on WLZ trajectories; logistic regression was used to assess odds for overweight at 1 year.
resultsWhile similar percentages (41%) of BF and FF infants experienced RWG, we found a significant diet × early weight gain group interaction (P < .001) on weight status. At 1 year, the WLZ of FF infants with RWG (1.57 ± 0.99) was twice that of BF infants with RWG (0.83 ± 0.92). Using BF infants with NWG as the reference group, FF infants with RWG had increased odds [OR: 25.3 (95% CI: 3.21, 199.7)] for overweight at 1 year, whereas BF infants with RWG did not.
conclusionsEarly diet interacts with early weight gain and influences weight status trajectories and overweight risk at 1 year.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.