ArticleInfluenza and other respiratory viruses2021
Influenza A (H3) illness and viral aerosol shedding from symptomatic naturally infected and experimentally infected cases.
Article in Influenza and other respiratory viruses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Host factors associated with respiratory particle emission and virus presence within respiratory particles: a systematic review.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- Prophylactic Efficacy of CD388, a Novel Drug-Fc Conjugate, in a Human Influenza A/H3N2 Virus Challenge Model: A Randomized, Controlled Phase 2a Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Trial
- Bacterial alteration of redox stressors impacts environmental stability of influenza A virus.mSphere · 2026Article
- Evaluating modes of influenza transmission (EMIT-2): Insights from lack of transmission in a controlled transmission trial with naturally infected donors.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Evaluating Modes of Influenza Transmission (EMIT-2): Insights from a Controlled Human Influenza Virus Infection Transmission Trial (CHIVITT).medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Comparison of Viral Aerosol Shedding by Mild and Moderately Symptomatic Community-Acquired and Nasally Inoculated Influenza A(H3) Infection.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2025Article
- Far-UVC: Technology Update with an Untapped Potential to Mitigate Airborne Infections.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2023Article
- Influenza A and B Viruses in Fine Aerosols of Exhaled Breath Samples from Patients in Tropical Singapore.Viruses · 2023Article
- Airborne influenza virus shedding by patients in health care units: Removal mechanisms affecting virus transmission.PloS one · 2023Article
- Influenza A (H3) illness and viral aerosol shedding from symptomatic naturally infected and experimentally infected cases.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIt has long been known that nasal inoculation with influenza A virus produces asymptomatic to febrile infections. Uncertainty persists about whether these infections are sufficiently similar to natural infections for studying human-to-human transmission.
methodsWe compared influenza A viral aerosol shedding from volunteers nasally inoculated with A/Wisconsin/2005 (H3N2) and college community adults naturally infected with influenza A/H3N2 (2012-2013), selected for influenza-like illness with objectively measured fever or a positive Quidel QuickVue A&B test. Propensity scores were used to control for differences in symptom presentation observed between experimentally and naturally infected groups.
resultsEleven (28%) experimental and 71 (86%) natural cases shed into fine particle aerosols (P < .001). The geometric mean (geometric standard deviation) for viral positive fine aerosol samples from experimental and natural cases was 5.1E + 3 (4.72) and 3.9E + 4 (15.12) RNA copies/half hour, respectively. The 95th percentile shedding rate was 2.4 log
conclusionsDue to selection bias, the natural and experimental infections had limited symptom severity distributional overlap precluding valid, propensity score-adjusted comparison. Relative to the symptomatic naturally infected cases, where high aerosol shedders were found, experimental cases did not produce high aerosol shedders. Studying the frequency of aerosol shedding at the highest observed levels in natural infections without selection on symptoms or fever would support helpful comparisons.
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