ArticleTranslational animal science2019
Current perspectives on the short- and long-term effects of conventional dairy calf raising systems: a comparison with the natural environment.
Article in Translational animal science, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Welfare implications on management strategies for rearing dairy calves: A systematic review. Part 1-feeding management.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Pooled it
- Effects of Partial Cow-Calf Contact and Social Companions on Health, Performance, and Behavior of Calves.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- System-level considerations associated with cow-calf contact in seasonal-calving pasture-based dairy systems.JDS communications · 2026Article
- Rumen microbiota inoculation indicates collaborative mechanisms enhancing propionate supply to alleviate weaning stress in lambs.Microbiome · 2026Article
- Milkability in dam-calf contact systems.Translational animal science · 2026Article
- Prevalence and antimicrobial drug resistance of gram-negative bacteria in dairy feed and water: a One Health concern.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- A scoping review on pair housing dairy calves: health and performance outcomes and tactics to reduce cross-sucking behavior.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Review
- Effects of access to a well-resourced environment on dairy calf cognition and affective state.PloS one · 2025Article
- Early-life contact with non-maternal adult cows and a pasture-based rearing environment influence behavioural responses of dairy heifers to novelty.Animal welfare (South Mimms, England) · 2024Article
- Contact with Mature Cows and Access to Pasture during Early Life Shape Dairy Heifer Behaviour at Integration into the Milking Herd.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Evaluation of a Forefront Weight Scale from an Automated Calf Milk Feeder for Holstein and Crossbred Dairy and Dairy-Beef Calves.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Dairy cow and calf behavior and productivity when maintained together on a pasture-based system.Animal bioscience · 2023Article
- Welfare of cattle during transport.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2022Article
- Factors of Family Violence in the Southern Province of Rwanda.Rwanda journal of medicine and health sciences · 2022Article
- Overview of common practices in calf raising facilities.Translational animal science · 2022Article
- Understanding Behavioural Development of Calves in Natural Settings to Inform Calf Management.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Review
- Anticipatory behaviour as an indicator of the welfare of dairy calves in different housing environments.PloS one · 2021Article
- Measuring Calves' Usage of Multiple Environmental Enrichment Objects Provided Simultaneously.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2021Article
- Organic Dairy Cattle: Do European Union Regulations Promote Animal Welfare?Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2020Review
- A survey-based assessment of risk factors for cross-sucking behaviors in neonatal kittens,Applied animal behaviour science · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although the neonatal and infancy period is short, it is well documented that the early neonatal environment is critical for appropriate physical, behavioral, and cognitive development that lasts into adulthood. Dairy calves are commonly removed from the dam shortly after birth and raised in individual housing and fed limited milk allowances (4 to 6 L/d) in commercial farms around the world (conventional raising). Individual housing was developed to promote health status and facilitate individual animal monitoring. However, it is associated with high labor demand, and early life social isolation is associated with cognitive and behavioral abnormalities. Recently, group housing and enhanced milk-feeding programs are being increasingly adopted by farms; these practices more closely resemble the social and nutritional environments in natural or seminatural environments when the calf is raised with the dam. Conventional raising may lead to short- and long-term effects when compared to calves raised with the dam or peers. Short-term effects of conventional raising include impaired social skills when introduced to novel peers, reduced consumption of novel feeds, increased activity in a novel environment, and signs of hunger associated with limited milk intake and poor growth during the preweaning period. Evidence also suggests that the long-term effects of conventional artificial raising systems include behavioral differences, such as lower social submissiveness, increased heart rate and cortisol when presented with a novel environment, and production differences such as milk yield and reproductive performance. However, research on the long-term effects of maternal, social, physical, and nutritional restrictions in early life is still limited and should be encouraged. More research is needed to determine the long-term effects of artificial raising systems (individual, group housing, dam-raised) on future behavior, cognition, performance, and health parameters in dairy calves.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.