ArticleNPJ breast cancer2020
Immunostimulatory and anti-tumor metronomic cyclophosphamide regimens assessed in primary orthotopic and metastatic murine breast cancer.
Article in NPJ breast cancer, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- A randomized phase II study of metronomic cyclophosphamide and methotrexate (CM) with or without bevacizumab in patients with advanced breast cancer.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2024Trial
- Neoadjuvant camrelizumab plus nab-paclitaxel and epirubicin in early triple-negative breast cancer: a single-arm phase II trial.Nature communications · 2023Trial
- MERTK inhibition cooperates with immunomodulatory cyclophosphamide to induce CXCL9⁺ monocyte-macrophage programming and durable antitumor immunity in triple negative breast cancer.Cancer immunology research · 2026Article
- Advances in Immunotherapy for Breast Cancer: Up-to-date Strategies of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Therapeutic Vaccines.Current treatment options in oncology · 2026Review
- MERTK inhibition cooperates with immunomodulatory cyclophosphamide to induce CXCL9bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Anti-CSF-1R therapy with combined immuno-chemotherapy coordinate an adaptive immune response to eliminate macrophage enriched triple negative breast cancers.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Continuous adaptive chemotherapy dosing by using planet-formation-inspired dynamics: analytical andFrontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Tractable mouse TNBC models capture the heterogeneous tumor immune microenvironment and adaptation to PD-L1 blockade.NPJ breast cancer · 2025Article
- Chemoimmunomodulation in triple negative breast cancer: a key to maximizing anti-PD-1 chemoimmunotherapeutic efficacy.Oncoimmunology · 2025Review
- Modulation of fibronectin extracellular matrix enhances anti-tumor efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Article
- Effects of the Alkylating Agent Cyclophosphamide in Potentiating Anti-Tumor Immunity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Metronomic cyclophosphamide and metformin inhibited tumor growth and repopulated tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in an experimental carcinoma model.BMC research notes · 2024Article
- Metronomic chemotherapy in cancer treatment: new wine in an old bottle.Theranostics · 2024Review
- Optimizing cancer therapy: a review of the multifaceted effects of metronomic chemotherapy.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
- Metronomic Chemotherapy: Anti-Tumor Pathways and Combination with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.Cancers · 2023Review
- Transcriptomic Analysis of Subtype-Specific Tyrosine Kinases as Triple Negative Breast Cancer Biomarkers.Cancers · 2023Article
- Chemotherapy-induced complement signaling modulates immunosuppression and metastatic relapse in breast cancer.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Metronomic Chemotherapy for Metastatic Breast Cancer Treatment: Clinical and Preclinical Data between Lights and Shadows.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- ErbB2/Her2-dependent downregulation of a cell death-promoting protein BLNK in breast cancer cells is required for 3D breast tumor growth.Cell death & disease · 2022Article
- Chemotherapy Coupled to Macrophage Inhibition Induces T-cell and B-cell Infiltration and Durable Regression in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Cancer research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The impressive successes of immune checkpoint blockade antibodies to treat various types of cancer are limited to minor subsets of patients. Combination therapy strategies, including with chemotherapy, are being explored to possibly improve the efficacy of immunotherapies. Here we report results regarding the use of an immunostimulatory regimen of metronomic cyclophosphamide (CTX). We show that in orthotopic models of syngeneic murine triple-negative breast cancer (EMT6), CTX administered at 140 mg/kg every 6 days (CTX140 1q6d) is superior at inhibiting primary tumor growth when compared to maximum tolerated dose or daily oral (continuous) low-dose CTX. In SCID or SCID beige mice, anti-tumor effects of CTX140 1q6d are reduced, reinforcing the therapeutic contribution of the adaptive and innate immune systems. In a second breast cancer model (SP1-AC2M2), CTX140 1q6d again showed clear superiority in anti-tumor effects, causing complete tumor regressions; however, these mice were not protected from subsequent tumor re-challenge, suggesting absence of immune memory. We also show that in an aggressive and metastatic cisplatin-resistant variant (EMT6-CDDP), CTX140 1q6d is superior and invokes an influx of intra-tumoral CD4
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.