ReviewInfectious agents and cancer2020
Bovine Leukemia virus (BLV) and risk of breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies.
Review in Infectious agents and cancer, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Viral Genomic Footprints in Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Tissue-Based Detection of Epstein-Barr Virus and Bovine Leukemia Virus.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Risk factors for breast cancer: an umbrella review of observational cohort studies and causal relationship analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) and risk of breast cancer; a systematic review and meta-analysis.Retrovirology · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Vitamins as modulators of Deltaretrovirus infection: implications for HTLV-1 and bovine leukemia virus-associated diseases.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Interferon dynamics in deltaretroviruses: why HTLV-1 evades, but BLV responds.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Exploitation of CREB signaling by HTLV-1 and BLV: A central axis in viral persistence and leukemogenesis.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2026Review
- Tissue distribution and quantification of bovine leukemia virus proviral DNA in cows after a long-term infection with wild-type strains and the attenuated BLV vaccine strain.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The Complexity of Bovine Leukemia Virus Oncogenesis.Viruses · 2025Review
- Can Oncogenic Animal Viruses Pose a Threat to Humans?Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- BCL-2 family dysregulation in HTLV-1 and BLV pathogenesis and its implications for leukemogenesis and therapy.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- Bovine Leukemia Virus: Origin, Prevalence, Phylogenetic Diversity, Risk Factors, and Strategies for Control.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Review
- Bovine Leukemia Virus and Human Breast Cancer: A Review of Clinical and Molecular Evidence.Viruses · 2025Review
- Human Cytomegalovirus Infection and Breast Cancer: A Literature Review of Clinical and Experimental Data.Biology · 2025Review
- CRISPR-Cas13a-Based Lateral Flow Assay for Detection of Bovine Leukemia Virus.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- The association between infectious agents and breast cancer: a review of the epidemiologic evidence.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2024Review
- The viral origins of breast cancer.Infectious agents and cancer · 2024Review
- Effects of combined cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 and programed death 1 ligand-receptor blockade on interferon-gamma production in bovine leukemia virus-infected cattle.Veterinary world · 2024Article
- Chimeric provirus of bovine leukemia virus/SMAD family member 3 in cattle with enzootic bovine leukosis.Archives of virology · 2024Article
- The Global Epidemiology of Bovine Leukemia Virus: Current Trends and Future Implications.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBreast cancer is reported as one of the most common cancers among females worldwide. Infectious agents especially viruses have been considered as role players in the development of breast cancer. Although some investigations suggest an association between bovine leukemia virus (BLV) and breast cancer, the involvement of this virus as a risk factor remains controversial. The present study aimed to find out any possible association between BLV and breast cancer through conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis.
methodsSystematic literature search was performed by finding related case-control articles from the PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, and EMBASE databases. The heterogeneity and the multivariable-adjusted OR and corresponding 95% CI were applied by meta-analysis and forest plot across studies. All statistical analyses were performed using Stata 14.1.
resultBased on a comprehensive literature search, 9 case-control studies were included for meta-analysis. The combination of all included studies showed that BLV infection is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer [summary OR (95% CI) 2.57 (1.45, 4.56)].
conclusionThis is the first meta-analysis to analyze a potential association between BLV infection and the risk of breast cancer. Control of the infection in cattle herds and screening of the milk and dairy products may help to reduce the transmission of the virus to humans.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.