ArticleScientific reports2020
Human SARS-CoV-2 has evolved to reduce CG dinucleotide in its open reading frames.
Article in Scientific reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 35 papers.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multi-scale phylodynamic modelling of rapid punctuated pathogen evolution.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
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- Efficient discovery of frequently co-occurring mutations in a sequence database with matrix factorization.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Role of nucleotide pair frequency and synonymous codon usage in the evolution of bovine viral diarrhea virus.Archives of virology · 2025Article
- Genetic Conservation and Diversity of SARS-CoV-2 Envelope Gene Across Variants of Concern.Journal of medical virology · 2025Article
- Complete combinatorial mutational enumeration of a protein functional site enables sequence-landscape mapping and identifies highly-mutated variants that retain activity.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2024Article
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- The DNA glycosylase NEIL2 is protective during SARS-CoV-2 infection.Nature communications · 2023Article
- G-quadruplexes in the evolution of hepatitis B virus.Nucleic acids research · 2023Article
- A comparison of five Illumina, Ion Torrent, and nanopore sequencing technology-based approaches for whole genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2023Article
- Ribosome biogenesis in disease: new players and therapeutic targets.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Review
- Article
- Massive-scale genomic analysis reveals SARS-CoV-2 mutation characteristics and evolutionary trends.mLife · 2022Article
- Hydrophobic Alpha-Helical Short Peptides in Overlapping Reading Frames of the Coronavirus Genome.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Comparative genomic analysis of the human genome and six bat genomes using unsupervised machine learning: Mb-level CpG and TFBS islands.BMC genomics · 2022Article
- Human SARS-CoV-2 has evolved to increase U content and reduce genome size.International journal of biological macromolecules · 2022Article
- Interferon Control of Human Coronavirus Infection and Viral Evasion: Mechanistic Insights and Implications for Antiviral Drug and Vaccine Development.Journal of molecular biology · 2022Review
- Article
- Statistical modeling of SARS-CoV-2 substitution processes: predicting the next variant.Communications biology · 2022Article
- The low abundance of CpG in the SARS-CoV-2 genome is not an evolutionarily signature of ZAP.Scientific reports · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 has brought great threat to human health. Its causative agent is a severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus which has been officially named SARS-CoV-2. Here we report the discovery of extremely low CG abundance in its open reading frames. We found that CG reduction in SARS-CoV-2 is achieved mainly through mutating C/G into A/T, and CG is the best target for mutation. Meanwhile, 5'-untranslated region of SARS-CoV-2 has high CG content and is capable of forming an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) to recruit host ribosome for translating its RNA. These features allow SARS-CoV-2 to reproduce efficiently in host cells, because less energy is consumed in disrupting the stem-loops formed by its genomic RNA. Notably, genomes of cellular organisms also have very low CG abundance, suggesting that mutating C/G into A/T occurs universally in all life forms. Moreover, CG is the dinucleotide related to CpG island, mutational hotspot and single nucleotide polymorphism in cellular organisms. The relationship between these features is worthy of further investigations.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.