ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2020
The activities of drug inactive ingredients on biological targets.
Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Drug Brand Switching: A Regulatory Perspective.Drug safety · 2026Review
- Unveiling the bioactive landscape of drug inactive ingredients (DIGs) using deep transfer learning.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Article
- Navigating the complexity of oral peptide delivery: challenges and strategies to enhance oral bioavailability.Frontiers in drug delivery · 2026Review
- The state of the art in secondary pharmacology and its impact on the safety of new medicines.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2024Review
- Antimicrobial cetylpyridinium chloride causes functional inhibition of mitochondria as potently as canonical mitotoxicants, nanostructural disruption of mitochondria, and mitochondrial CaFood and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association · 2024Article
- Review
- Disassociating drug active ingredients from inactive: ketamine-like synaptic effects of a ketamine excipient.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Pervasive transcriptome interactions of protein-targeted drugs.Nature chemistry · 2023Article
- Pharmaceutical agent cetylpyridinium chloride inhibits immune mast cell function by interfering with calcium mobilization.Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association · 2023Article
- Ketamine preservative benzethonium chloride potentiates hippocampal synaptic transmission and binds neurotransmitter receptors and transporters.Neuropharmacology · 2023Review
- DrugMAP: molecular atlas and pharma-information of all drugs.Nucleic acids research · 2023Article
- Transporters in Regulatory Science: Notable Contributions from Dr. Giacomini in the Past Two Decades.Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals · 2022Article
- A Critical Overview of the Biological Effects of Excipients (Part I): Impact on Gastrointestinal Absorption.The AAPS journal · 2022Review
- Merging data curation and machine learning to improve nanomedicines.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2022Review
- Molecular iodine is not responsible for cytotoxicity in iodophors.The Journal of hospital infection · 2022Article
- Impacts of Cetylpyridinium Chloride on the Survival, Development, Behavior, and Oxidative Stress of Early-Life-Stage Zebrafish (Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Bioanalytical Methods and Strategic Perspectives Addressing the Rising Complexity of Novel Bioconjugates and Delivery Routes for Biotherapeutics.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2022Review
- Discovery of Kinase and Carbonic Anhydrase Dual Inhibitors by Machine Learning Classification and Experiments.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Bioconcentration and toxicological impacts of fipronil and 2,4-D commercial formulations (single and in mixture) in the tropical fish, Danio rerio.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- Recent advances in drug repurposing using machine learning.Current opinion in chemical biology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
20 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Excipients, considered "inactive ingredients," are a major component of formulated drugs and play key roles in their pharmacokinetics. Despite their pervasiveness, whether they are active on any targets has not been systematically explored. We computed the likelihood that approved excipients would bind to molecular targets. Testing in vitro revealed 25 excipient activities, ranging from low-nanomolar to high-micromolar concentration. Another 109 activities were identified by testing against clinical safety targets. In cellular models, five excipients had fingerprints predictive of system-level toxicity. Exposures of seven excipients were investigated, and in certain populations, two of these may reach levels of in vitro target potency, including brain and gut exposure of thimerosal and its major metabolite, which had dopamine D3 receptor dissociation constant
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.