ArticleTobacco control2021
Local sales restrictions significantly reduce the availability of menthol tobacco: findings from four Minnesota cities.
Article in Tobacco control, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A systematic review investigating policy design and implementation of US state and local policy to restrict the sale of flavored tobacco products.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Pooled it
- The Public Health Impacts of Flavored Cigar Bans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Pooled it
- The Impact of Menthol Cigarette Bans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Pooled it
- Cross-sectional patterns and longitudinal transitions of unflavored and flavored cigar use without and with cigarettes among United States adults.Preventive medicine · 2024Article
- A Longitudinal Analysis of Flavored Cigar Use and Cigar Smoking Cessation Among US Adults.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
- Assessing tobacco retailer compliance with flavoured tobacco product sales restrictions: a cross-sectional study of four California cities.BMJ public health · 2023Article
- Centering equity in flavored tobacco ban policies: Implications for tobacco control researchers.Preventive medicine · 2022Article
- How Smokers of Menthol Cigarettes and Flavored Cigars Might Respond to FDA's Proposed Bans.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Article
- Assessing Alignment of Patient and Clinician Perspectives on Community Health Resources for Chronic Disease Management.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Youth Tobacco Use Before and After Local Sales Restrictions on Flavored and Menthol Tobacco Products in Minnesota.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2022Article
- A Comprehensive Qualitative Review of Studies Evaluating the Impact of Local US Laws Restricting the Sale of Flavored and Menthol Tobacco Products.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Review
- Evaluation of Statewide Restrictions on Flavored e-Cigarette Sales in the US From 2014 to 2020.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- Australian Smokers' Sensory Experiences and Beliefs Associated with Menthol and Non-Menthol Cigarettes.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Restricting Sales of Menthol Tobacco Products: Lessons Learned from Policy Passage and Implementation in Minneapolis, St. Paul, and Duluth, Minnesota.Health equity · 2021Article
- The Role of Community-Based Organizations in Improving Chronic Care for Safety-Net Populations.Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFMArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn 2017 and 2018, Minneapolis, St. Paul, Duluth and Falcon Heights, Minnesota were among the first US cities to restrict the sale of menthol tobacco to adult-only stores. The study examined changes in the availability and marketing of these products following policy implementation.
methodsRetail store audits were conducted approximately 2 months pre-policy and post-policy implementation. Tobacco retail stores (n=299) were sampled from tobacco licensing lists in Minneapolis, St. Paul, Duluth and Falcon Heights, as well as six comparison cities without menthol policies. The presence of menthol tobacco was assessed, along with the number of interior and exterior tobacco ads and promotions at each store.
resultsThe majority of policy intervention stores (grocery, convenience stores and pharmacies) were compliant (Minneapolis, 84.4%; Duluth, 97.5%; and St. Paul and Falcon Heights, 100.0%) and did not sell menthol tobacco. In contrast, menthol tobacco was available in all comparison city stores, and most (96.0%) exempted tobacco shops and liquor stores post-policy implementation. Two Minneapolis convenience stores added interior tobacco shops, allowing them to continue selling menthol tobacco. Significant decreases in menthol tobacco marketing post-policy were observed in the stores' interior in Minneapolis, St. Paul and Duluth (p<0.001) and on the stores' exterior in Duluth (p=0.023).
conclusionsFindings demonstrate high rates of compliance, indicating that sales restrictions can significantly reduce the availability of menthol tobacco. However, challenges to policy adherence underscore the need for continued monitoring and enforcement action.
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