Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32703782›Full record

ReviewThe British journal of ophthalmology2021

Modern approach to the treatment of dry eye, a complex multifactorial disease: a P.I.C.A.S.S.O. board review.

Pasquale Aragona, Giuseppe Giannaccare, Rita Mencucci, Pierangela Rubino, Emilia Cantera, Maurizio Rolando

Open access · hybridAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in The British journal of ophthalmology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 90 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
90citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
14.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

90 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 146 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Pooled it
  8. Pooled it
  9. Trial
  10. Trial
  11. Trial
  12. Trial
  13. Trial
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

30 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Pasquale AragonaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Ophthalmology Clinic, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-9582-9799
Giuseppe GiannaccareOphthalmology, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-2617-0289
Rita MencucciInstitute of Ophthalmology, Florence, Italy.
Pierangela RubinoOphthalmology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
Emilia CanteraOphthalmology, Israelitic Hospital, Rome, Italy.
Maurizio RolandoOcular Surface Unit, ISPRE, Genoa, Italy maurizio.rolando@gmail.com.ORCID 0000-0002-4982-1462
Magna Graecia University · ITOcular Surface Center · USOspedale Israelitico · ITUniversity of Messina · ITUniversity of Parma · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Dry eye disease (DED) is a growing public health concern affecting quality of life and visual function, with a significant socio-economic impact. It is characterised by the loss of homoeostasis, resulting in tear film instability, hyperosmolarity and inflammation of the ocular surface. If the innate immune response is unable to cope with internal bodily or environmental adverse conditions, the persistent, self-maintaining vicious circle of inflammation leads to the chronic form of the disease. Treatment of DED should be aimed at the restoration of the homoeostasis of the ocular surface system. A proper diagnostic approach is fundamental to define the relevance and importance of each of the DED main pathogenic factors, namely tear film instability, epithelial damage and inflammation. Consideration also needs to be given concerning two other pathogenic elements: lid margin changes and nerve damage. All the factors that maintain the vicious circle of DED in the patient's clinical presentation have to be considered and possibly treated simultaneously. The treatment should be long-lasting and personalised since it has to be adapted to the different clinical conditions observed along the course of the disease. Since DED treatment is frequently unable to provide fast and complete relief from symptoms, empathy with patients and willingness to explain to them the natural history of the disease are mandatory to improve patients' compliance. Furthermore, patients should be instructed about the possible need to increase the frequency and/or change the type of treatment according to the fluctuation of symptoms, following a preplanned rescue regimen.

Indexed as

Disease ManagementQuality of LifeVision, OcularDry Eye SyndromesHumansConjunctivaCorneaEye LidsOcular surfaceTears

Identifiers

PMID32703782
PMCPMC8005804
OpenAlexW3044524827

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.