Observational studyMedicine2020
Tongue diagnosis indices for gastroesophageal reflux disease: A cross-sectional, case-controlled observational study.
Observational study in Medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03258216 (The Traditional Chinese Medicine), which is not on this map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Tongue Diagnosis Indices of Upper Gastrointestinal (UGI) Disorders
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Artificial intelligence-based tongue image analysis for non-invasive screening of gastric cancer, precancerous lesions, and related gastrointestinal disorders: a systematic review.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Prior-guided feature fusion for tongue image-based gastrointestinal disease auxiliary diagnosis.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- S5Utis: Structured State-Space Sequence SegNeXt UNet-like Tongue Image Segmentation in Traditional Chinese Medicine.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Noninvasive Diagnostic Technique for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Based on Features of Tongue Images.Chinese journal of integrative medicine · 2024Article
- Exploring the pivotal variables of tongue diagnosis between patients with chronic kidney disease and health participants.Frontiers in big data · 2024Article
- Tongue diagnosis index of chronic kidney disease.Biomedical journal · 2023Observational
- The Relationship Between White Tongue and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease.Advanced biomedical research · 2023Article
- Article
- Exploring the pivotal variables of tongue diagnosis between patients with acute ischemic stroke and health participants.Journal of traditional and complementary medicine · 2022Article
- Machine Learning-Based Technique for the Severity Classification of Sublingual Varices according to Traditional Chinese Medicine.Computational and mathematical methods in medicine · 2022Article
- Digital tongue image analyses for health assessment.Medical review (2021) · 2021Review
- The tongue features associated with chronic kidney disease.Medicine · 2021Observational
- Diagnosis and Etiological Analysis of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease by Gastric Filling Ultrasound and GerdQ Scale.Journal of healthcare engineering · 2021Article
- A Nonlinear Association between Tongue Fur Thickness and Tumor Marker Abnormality: A Cross-Sectional Study.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine tongue diagnosis can mirror the status of the internal organ, but evidence is lacking regarding the accuracy of tongue diagnosis to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This study was to investigate the association between GERD and tongue manifestation, and whether tongue imaging could be initial diagnosis of GERD noninvasively.We conducted a cross-sectional, case-controlled observational study at Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Taiwan from January 2016 to September 2017. Participants aged over 20 years old with GERD were enrolled and control group without GERD were matched by sex. Tongue imaging were acquired with automatic tongue diagnosis system, then followed by endoscope examination. Nine tongue features were extracted, and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, analysis of variance, and logistic regression were used.Each group enrolled 67 participants. We found that the saliva amount (P = .009) and thickness of the tongue's fur (P = .036), especially that in the spleen-stomach area (%) (P = .029), were significantly greater in patients with GERD than in those without. The areas under the ROC curve of the amount of saliva and tongue fur in the spleen-stomach area (%) were 0.606 ± 0.049 and 0.615 ± 0.050, respectively. Additionally, as the value of the amount of saliva and tongue fur in the spleen-stomach area (%) increased, the risk of GERD rose by 3.621 and 1.019 times, respectively. The tongue fur in the spleen-stomach area (%) related to severity of GERD from grade 0 to greater than grade B were 51.67 ± 18.72, 58.10 ± 24.60, and 67.29 ± 24.84, respectively.The amount of saliva and tongue fur in the spleen-stomach area (%) might predict the risk and severity of GERD and might be noninvasive indicators of GERD. Further large-scale, multi-center, randomized investigations are needed to confirm the results.Trial registration: NCT03258216, registered August 23, 2017.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.