ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2020
Cocaine use and overdose mortality in the United States: Evidence from two national data sources, 2002-2018.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 89 citations in OpenAlex.
- An Epidemic of Complexity: Polysubstance Use Fatal Overdose Typologies Across Cook County, Illinois, Neighborhoods, 2017‒2022.American journal of public health · 2026Article
- Testing measurement invariance of the Brief Symptom Inventory across race, sex, and time among adults with cocaine use disorder.Psychological assessment · 2026Article
- Comparative effectiveness of social-contextual treatments for improving substance-related problems among Black adults: An individual-level data synthesis.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Article
- Genetic mapping in collaborative cross mouse strains identifies loci that affect initial sensitivity to cocaine.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Ethanol self-administration reduced the efficacy of a behavioral intervention to decrease cocaine choice in socially housed male and female monkeys.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Patterns of Drugs Involved in Fatal Overdose and Demographic Correlates: A Latent Class Analysis of Polysubstance-Involved Deaths in the Urban Midwest.Substance use & addiction journal · 2025Article
- Ethanol consumption prior to cocaine self-administration reduced vulnerability to cocaine reinforcement in socially subordinate female and male monkeys.Psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Beyond frequency of use: Exploring additional metrics for quantifying cocaine use and their relation to life functioning and treatment outcome.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2025Article
- An individual-level data synthesis of Clinical Trials Network studies to examine the impact of psychosocial treatments for Black people who use cocaine and/or opioids.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Shifting Cohort Patterns in the Use of Drugs with Elevated Overdose Risk in the United States.Social problems · 2025Article
- Self-reported pathways through which illicitly manufactured fentanyl enters the stimulant supply: Novel insights from people incarcerated for drug manufacturing and distribution.SSM. Qualitative research in health · 2025Article
- Prevalence of adults with stimulant misuse and/or stimulant use disorder in Massachusetts, USA, 2014-2021.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Article
- Investigating the demographics, comorbidities, and postoperative complications and impact of a history of cocaine use in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2025Article
- Naloxone administration and survival in overdoses involving opioids and stimulants: An analysis of law enforcement data from 63 Pennsylvania counties.The International journal on drug policy · 2025Article
- Geographical Differences in Self-Reported Past 12-Month Drug Use: Results from the NDEWS Rapid Street Reporting, 2021-2023.Substance use & misuse · 2025Article
- The intersection of aging, pain, and opioid use disorder: a retrospective chart review from an outpatient opioid treatment clinic.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Systematic Review of Cocaine-Treatment Interventions for Black Americans.Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2025Article
- Naloxone Administration and Survival in Overdoses Involving Opioids and Stimulants: An Analysis of Law Enforcement Data from 63 Pennsylvania Counties.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Measurement invariance of the Perceived Stress Scale across race, sex, and time, and differential impacts on cocaine use treatment outcomes.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2024Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCocaine-involved overdose mortality has recently risen in the United States (US), yet it is unclear to what extent patterns in cocaine-involved overdose mortality parallel patterns in cocaine use. This study: examined time trends (2002-2018) in past-year cocaine use and cocaine-involved overdose mortality in the US; and compared demographics and drug involvement of adults who reported past-year cocaine use versus adults who died of a cocaine-involved overdose.
methodsData from two sources were utilized: (1) the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (n = 1,334 adults self-reporting cocaine use in 2018); and (2) the Multiple Cause of Death dataset of the National Center for Health Statistics (N = 14,630 adults who died of a cocaine-involved overdose in 2018). The study examined prevalence of past-year cocaine use, mortality rates for cocaine-involved overdose, 2002-2018 trends, demographic characteristics, and involvement of other drugs.
resultsResults of Joinpoint Regression indicated that the prevalence of past-year cocaine use increased after 2011, with an annual percent change of 5.13, while age-adjusted cocaine-involved overdose mortality rates escalated after 2012, with an annual percent change of 26.54. In 2018, prevalence of past-year cocaine use did not significantly differ (p = 0.09) by racial/ethnic group, yet Non-Hispanic Blacks had an age-adjusted cocaine-involved overdose mortality rate more than double the rate in Non-Hispanic Whites and significantly higher (p < 0.001) than in any other group.
conclusionsWhile the prevalence of cocaine use has increased modestly, cocaine-involved overdose mortality has risen dramatically. Cocaine-involved overdose mortality is disproportionately affecting individuals who are Black, older, or with lower educational attainment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.