ArticleJournal of pharmaceutical sciences2020
Evaluation of Heat Effects on Fentanyl Transdermal Delivery Systems Using In Vitro Permeation and In Vitro Release Methods.
Article in Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems: Methods for Enhancing Skin Permeability and Their Evaluation.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Personalised Transdermal Therapy for Chronic Pain with Digital Twin Technology.Current drug targets · 2025Review
- Evaluation of in vitro Skin Permeation of Clascoterone From Clascoterone Topical Cream, 1% (w/w).AAPS PharmSciTech · 2024Article
- Predictive modeling of skin permeability for molecules: Investigating FDA-approved drug permeability with various AI algorithms.PLOS digital health · 2024Article
- Lateral Transport During Membrane Permeation in Diffusion Cell: In Silico Study on Edge Effect and Membrane Blocking.Journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2023Article
- Atypical Fentanyl Transdermal Patch Consumption and Fatalities: Case Report and Literature Review.Toxics · 2022Article
- Modeling Temperature-Dependent Dermal Absorption and Clearance for Transdermal and Topical Drug Applications.The AAPS journal · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Experimental conditions that could impact the evaluation of heat effects on transdermal delivery systems (TDS) using an in vitro permeation test (IVPT) and in vitro release testing (IVRT) were examined. Fentanyl was the model TDS. IVPT was performed using Franz diffusion cell, heating lamp, and human skin with seven heat application regimens. IVRT setup was similar to IVPT, without using skin. Dissolution study was conducted in a modified dissolution chamber. The activation energy of skin permeation for fentanyl was determined using aqueous solution of fentanyl. In IVPT, the increase of temperature from 32 °C to 42 °C resulted in a 2-fold increase in flux for fentanyl TDS, consistent with the activation energy determined. The magnitude of flux increase was affected by the heat exposure onset time and duration: higher flux was observed when heat was applied earlier or following sustained heat application. Heat induced flux increases could not be observed when inadequate sampling time points were used, suggesting the importance of optimizing sampling time points. Drug release from TDS evaluated using IVRT was fast and the skin was the rate-limiting barrier for TDS fentanyl delivery under elevated temperature.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.